ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2017
Smoking during pregnancy in the United States, 2005-2014: The role of depression.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based behaviour change techniques to aid smoking cessation for pregnant women with mental illness: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Healthcare professionals' experiences of supporting pregnant women with mental illness with their smoking behaviors: a qualitative study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Adulthood and Perinatal Abuse.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- Perceived and internalized smoking stigma among pregnant women: association with smoking reduction, reactance to smoking health warnings, and intention to discuss smoking with health professionals.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- The Connection Between Stress and Women's Smoking During the Perinatal Period: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Exploring a Potential Interaction Between the Effect of Specific Maternal Smoking Patterns and Comorbid Antenatal Depression in Causing Postpartum Depression.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Trends in smoking during pregnancy stratified by the use of opioid agonist therapy and the contribution of smoking to poor outcome in neonates prenatally exposed to opioid agonist treatment.Archives of women's mental health · 2023Article
- Maternal perinatal depression and child brain structure at 2-3 years in a South African birth cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Cigarette Smoking Cessation Counselling in Pregnant Smokers with Mental Illness/Substance Use Disorders.Western journal of nursing research · 2023Article
- Concurrent changes in dental anxiety and smoking in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.European journal of oral sciences · 2023Article
- Tobacco Use and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke amongst Pregnant Women in the United Arab Emirates: The Mutaba'ah Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Patterns and Trends in Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Before and During Pregnancy: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 2016-2019.Journal of community health · 2022Article
- Fear, anxiety and depression among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic: impacts of healthy eating behaviour and health literacy.Annals of medicine · 2021Article
- Bupropion for postpartum smoking relapse: A remote protocol for a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Article
- Predictors of Nutritional Status, Depression, Internet Addiction, Facebook Addiction, and Tobacco Smoking Among Women With Eating Disorders in Spain.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- The association of maternal-fetal attachment with smoking and smoking cessation during pregnancy in The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
- Banning Menthol Cigarettes: A Social Justice Issue Long Overdue.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Prenatal cigarette smoking as a mediator between racism and depressive symptoms: The Biosocial Impact on Black Births Study.Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Effect of Prenatal Smoke Exposure on Birth Weight: The Moderating Role of Maternal Depressive Symptoms.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite success of public health-oriented tobacco control programs in lowering the smoking prevalence over the past several decades, it is unclear whether similar reductions in smoking have been experienced among pregnant women, especially in vulnerable groups such as those with major depression and/or lower socioeconomic status.
objectivesThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between major depressive episode (MDE) and smoking among pregnant women overall, and by demographics and to estimate changes in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among pregnant women with and without MDE from 2005 to 2014. STUDY
designCigarette use among pregnant women with and without MDE was examined using logistic regression models in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.
resultsPrenatal smoking is more common among pregnant women with, compared to without, MDE (32.5% vs. 13.0%; (adjusted OR=2.50 (1.85, 3.40)), and greater disparities were revealed when also considering income, education and race. Over time, smoking during pregnancy increased significantly among women with MDE (35.9% to 38.4%; p=0.02)) and showed a decreasing trend among women without MDE (12.5% to 9.1%; p=0.07) from 2005 to 2014.
conclusionsOver the past decade, smoking during pregnancy has increased among women experiencing a major depressive episode and is over four times more common among pregnant women with, than without, MDE. Disparities in smoking during pregnancy by MDE status and socioeconomic subgroups appear substantial. Given the multitude of risks associated with both MDE and smoking during the prenatal period, more work targeting this vulnerable and high-risk group is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.