SynthesisNutrients2017
Trans Fat Intake and Its Dietary Sources in General Populations Worldwide: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary trans fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Influence of Heating during Cooking onNutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Trans Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Cohort Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE).Diabetes care · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term effects (> 24 months) of multiple lifestyle intervention on major cardiovascular risk factors among high-risk subjects: a meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Trans Fat Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Food Labeling Effects on Consumer Diet Behaviors and Industry Practices.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Molecular effects of the consumption of margarine and butter varying in trans fat composition: a parallel human intervention study.Lipids in health and disease · 2022Trial
- Dietary Intake ofNutrients · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Trans fatty acids in adipose tissue and risk of myocardial infarction: A case-cohort study.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Article
- Evaluating Trans-Fatty Acids Labelling in Packaged Foods Sold in Brazil Before and After National Policy Changes.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Article
- Hidden Industrial Trans-Fatty Acids: Mechanistic Insights into Dyslipidemia, Cardiovascular Disease, and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer: a multicenter case-control study in an Iranian population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Blood biomarkers of trans-fatty acid intake among Nigerian adults in the Federal Capital Territory: a cross-sectional study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary intakes of trans fatty acids before the prohibition of partially hydrogenated oils in Canada.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Free Fatty Acids and Free Fatty Acid Receptors: Role in Regulating Arterial Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Paradoxes: Cholesterol and Hypoxia in Preeclampsia.Biomolecules · 2024Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After the discovery that trans fat increases the risk of coronary heart disease, trans fat content of foods have considerably changed. The aim of this study was to systematically review available data on intakes of trans fat and its dietary sources in general populations worldwide. Data from national dietary surveys and population studies published from 1995 onward were searched via Scopus and websites of national public health institutes. Relevant data from 29 countries were identified. The most up to date estimates of total trans fat intake ranged from 0.3 to 4.2 percent of total energy intake (En%) across countries. Seven countries had trans fat intakes higher than the World Health Organization recommendation of 1 En%. In 16 out of 21 countries with data on dietary sources, intakes of trans fat from animal sources were higher than that from industrial sources. Time trend data from 20 countries showed substantial declines in industrial trans fat intake since 1995. In conclusion, nowadays, in the majority of countries for which data are available, average trans fat intake is lower than the recommended maximum intake of 1 En%, with intakes from animal sources being higher than from industrial sources. In the past 20 years, substantial reductions in industrial trans fat have been achieved in many countries.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.