Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28782865›Full record

ArticleHuman brain mapping2017

Deep learning with convolutional neural networks for EEG decoding and visualization.

Robin Tibor Schirrmeister, Jost Tobias Springenberg, Lukas Dominique Josef Fiederer, Martin Glasstetter, Katharina Eggensperger, Michael Tangermann, Frank Hutter, Wolfram Burgard, Tonio Ball

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human brain mapping, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 609 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
609citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

609 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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549 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Robin Tibor SchirrmeisterTranslational Neurotechnology Lab, Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Engelberger Str. 21, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5518-7445
Jost Tobias SpringenbergBrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 79, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
Lukas Dominique Josef FiedererTranslational Neurotechnology Lab, Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Engelberger Str. 21, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1803-9694
Martin GlasstetterTranslational Neurotechnology Lab, Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Engelberger Str. 21, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.
Katharina EggenspergerBrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 79, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
Michael TangermannBrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 79, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
Frank HutterBrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 79, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
Wolfram BurgardBrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 79, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
Tonio BallTranslational Neurotechnology Lab, Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Engelberger Str. 21, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4993-466X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deep learning with convolutional neural networks (deep ConvNets) has revolutionized computer vision through end-to-end learning, that is, learning from the raw data. There is increasing interest in using deep ConvNets for end-to-end EEG analysis, but a better understanding of how to design and train ConvNets for end-to-end EEG decoding and how to visualize the informative EEG features the ConvNets learn is still needed. Here, we studied deep ConvNets with a range of different architectures, designed for decoding imagined or executed tasks from raw EEG. Our results show that recent advances from the machine learning field, including batch normalization and exponential linear units, together with a cropped training strategy, boosted the deep ConvNets decoding performance, reaching at least as good performance as the widely used filter bank common spatial patterns (FBCSP) algorithm (mean decoding accuracies 82.1% FBCSP, 84.0% deep ConvNets). While FBCSP is designed to use spectral power modulations, the features used by ConvNets are not fixed a priori. Our novel methods for visualizing the learned features demonstrated that ConvNets indeed learned to use spectral power modulations in the alpha, beta, and high gamma frequencies, and proved useful for spatially mapping the learned features by revealing the topography of the causal contributions of features in different frequency bands to the decoding decision. Our study thus shows how to design and train ConvNets to decode task-related information from the raw EEG without handcrafted features and highlights the potential of deep ConvNets combined with advanced visualization techniques for EEG-based brain mapping. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5391-5420, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Indexed as

Machine LearningBrainBrain-Computer InterfacesBrain MappingElectroencephalographyHumansImaginationLanguageMotor ActivityNeural PathwaysSpace Perceptionbrain-computer interfacebrain-machine interfacebrain mappingEEG analysiselectroencephalographyend-to-end learningmachine learningmodel interpretability

Identifiers

PMID28782865
PMCPMC5655781

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.