ArticleScience advances2017
Chemotactic synthetic vesicles: Design and applications in blood-brain barrier crossing.
Article in Science advances, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chemotaxis of ATPase-Powered Nanoparticles up Extra- and Intracellular ATP Gradients.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Shaping Function: Polymeric 3D Systems With Unconventional Geometries for Biomedical Applications.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Artificial chemotaxis in micro/nanomotors.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Bienzyme-powered nanorobots with ultrasensitive chemotaxis for precision cancer therapy.National science review · 2026Article
- Glucose-Powered Ultrasmall Chemotactic Nanorobots for Retinal Degeneration Treatment.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
- Modeling feasible locomotion of nanobots for cancer detection and treatment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Perspective on Interdisciplinary Approaches on Chemotaxis.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Review
- Interactions Between Active Matters and Endogenous Fields.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Building a Synthetic Cell Together.Nature communications · 2025Review
- Collective Dynamics of Urease-Based Nanomotors in a Chemical Gradient.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Thermally Driven Dynamic Behaviors in Polymeric Vesicles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- The minimal chemotactic cell.Science advances · 2025Article
- Amino acid coating enables micromotor operation in physiological conditions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Chemotactic navigation in robotic swimmers via reset-free hierarchical reinforcement learning.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Nanorobot-Cell Communication viaACS nano · 2025Article
- Single-Atom Colloidal Nanorobotics Enhanced Stem Cell Therapy for Corneal Injury Repair.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Reactive oxygen species responsive nanomotors for gene edited metabolic disruption and immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Chemotactic Zn micromotor for treatment of high blood ammonia-associated hepatic encephalopathy.Nature communications · 2025Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have created artificial microscopic and nanoscopic self-propelling particles, often referred to as nano- or microswimmers, capable of mimicking biological locomotion and taxis. This active diffusion enables the engineering of complex operations that so far have not been possible at the micro- and nanoscale. One of the most promising tasks is the ability to engineer nanocarriers that can autonomously navigate within tissues and organs, accessing nearly every site of the human body guided by endogenous chemical gradients. We report a fully synthetic, organic, nanoscopic system that exhibits attractive chemotaxis driven by enzymatic conversion of glucose. We achieve this by encapsulating glucose oxidase alone or in combination with catalase into nanoscopic and biocompatible asymmetric polymer vesicles (known as polymersomes). We show that these vesicles self-propel in response to an external gradient of glucose by inducing a slip velocity on their surface, which makes them move in an extremely sensitive way toward higher-concentration regions. We finally demonstrate that the chemotactic behavior of these nanoswimmers, in combination with LRP-1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) targeting, enables a fourfold increase in penetration to the brain compared to nonchemotactic systems.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.