ReviewClinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)2017
Adjuvant formulations for virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines.
Review in Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic Overview of Solid Particles and Their Host Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Pooled it
- Rational design of next-generation vaccine adjuvants: From molecular mechanisms to hybrid delivery platforms.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Advances in Therapeutic Melanoma Vaccines (2010-2025).Vaccines · 2026Review
- Virus Biomimetic-Delivery Systems for the Production of Vaccines.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Stability Under Different Stress Treatments of a Virus-like Particle Vaccine Based on a Recombinant Hepatitis E Vaccine.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Monitor Relevant Biochemicals over Zika-Virus-Like Particles' Production.Journal of fluorescence · 2026Article
- Review
- Immunotherapy of Oncovirus-Induced Cancers: A Review on the Development and Efficacy of Targeted Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Applications of virus-like particles in the prevention of protozoan parasite infection.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Virus-like particle vaccine with authentic quaternary epitopes protects against Zika virus-induced viremia and testicular damage.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- MS2 virus-like particles as a versatile platform for multi-disease vaccines: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Foot-and-mouth disease virus-like particle vaccine incorporating dominant T and B cell epitopes: enhanced immune response in piglets with CD154 molecules.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of chikungunya virus.Virulence · 2024Review
- Vaccine optimization for highly pathogenic avian influenza: Assessment of antibody responses and protection for virus-like particle vaccines in chickens.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Article
- Virus-like Particles as Vaccines for Allergen-Specific Therapy: An Overview of Current Developments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2024Review
- Animal Cell Lines as Expression Platforms in Viral Vaccine Production: A Post Covid-19 Perspective.ACS omega · 2024Review
- A review on Zika vaccine development.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The development of virus-like particle (VLP) technology has had an enormous impact on modern vaccinology. In order to optimize the efficacy and safety of VLP-based vaccines, adjuvants are included in most vaccine formulations. To date, most licensed VLP-based vaccines utilize the classic aluminum adjuvant compositions. Certain challenging pathogens and weak immune responder subjects may require further optimization of the adjuvant formulation to maximize the magnitude and duration of the protective immunity. Indeed, novel classes of adjuvants such as liposomes, agonists of pathogen recognition receptors, polymeric particles, emulsions, cytokines and bacterial toxins, can be used to further improve the immunostimulatory activity of a VLP-based vaccine. This review describes the current advances in adjuvant technology for VLP-based vaccines directed at viral diseases, and discusses the basic principles for designing adjuvant formulations for enhancing the vaccine immunogenicity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.