ArticleScientific reports2017
Colony stimulating factor-1 in saliva in relation to age, smoking, and oral and systemic diseases.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shared and niche-specific transcriptional signatures of macrophage aging revealed by a cross-tissue meta-analysis.BMC biology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Role of aging‑related cytokines in neurodegenerative disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Periodontitis Frequently Exists in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma and Causes Supplementary Impairment of Insulin Resistance.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Elevated levels of salivary interleukin-34 in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- The effect of different cigarette smoking levels on gingival crevicular fluid volume and periodontal clinical parameters in Saudi Arabia.The Saudi dental journal · 2023Article
- Small immunological clocks identified by deep learning and gradient boosting.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Inflammatory markers in saliva and urine reflect disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2022Article
- Aging Leads to Increased Monocytes and Macrophages With Altered CSF-1 Receptor Expression and Earlier Tumor-Associated Macrophage Expansion in Murine Mesothelioma.Frontiers in aging · 2022Article
- Method of Preparation of Cigarette Smoke Extract to Assess Lung Cancer-Associated Changes in Airway Epithelial Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- CSF-1 and IL-34 levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid and saliva from patients having peri-implant diseases.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1 is a growth factor that stimulates the survival, proliferation and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, which has been implicated in several inflammatory diseases. This study evaluated the possible influence of age, sex, smoking, periodontitis, caries, and several systemic conditions on salivary levels of CSF-1. Four-hundred and forty-one individuals were enrolled in this study. All participants answered a health questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive oral examination. Stimulated saliva was collected and CSF-1 levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Salivary levels of CSF-1 were significantly increased in participants over 64 years old and in non-smoking individuals, whereas no difference was observed between men and women. Individuals having periodontitis and manifest caries had significantly higher levels of CSF-1. Participants with muscle and joint disease exhibited increased CSF-1 levels as compared to those without. Age, smoking, percentage of pockets ≥4 mm, number of manifest caries lesions, and presence of tumor were associated with CSF-1 levels. Salivary levels of CSF-1 are associated with age, smoking, periodontitis, manifest caries, and the presence of muscle and joint diseases and tumors. CSF-1 might be a promising biomarker candidate in saliva of both local and systemic conditions that needs further investigation.
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