ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2017
Association of Estimated Sodium Intake With Adverse Cardiac Structure and Function: From the HyperGEN Study.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Paucity of high-quality studies reporting on salt and health outcomes from the science of salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (April 2017 to March 2018).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Pooled it
- An interpretable machine learning model with demographic variables and dietary patterns for ASCVD identification: from U.S. NHANES 1999-2018.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
- Impacts of obesity on global subclinical left cardiac function represented by CMR-derived myocardial strain, TyG index may be a predictor.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Tissue Sodium Accumulation: Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- High salt intake damages myocardial viability and induces cardiac remodelingFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Association of Urinary Sodium Excretion and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Left Ventricular Mass Reduction by a Low-Sodium Diet in Treated Hypertensive Patients.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Achieving Dietary Sodium Recommendations and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Prevention through Culinary Medicine Education.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Sodium Intake and Target Organ Damage in Hypertension-An Update about the Role of a Real Villain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Relation of Dietary Sodium Intake With Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Disease (from MESA).The American journal of cardiology · 2019Article
- Alteration of serum immunoglobins, C-reactive protein, vitamin D, and electrolyte by atenolol and amlodipine in stress-induced hypertensive rats.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2018Article
- Association Between Sodium Excretion and Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in the Elderly: A Cohort Study.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2018Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe optimal level of sodium intake remains controversial.
objectivesThis study sought to determine whether examination of left ventricular longitudinal strain (LS), circumferential strain, and e' velocity can provide insight into thresholds for the detrimental effects of estimated sodium intake (ESI) on subclinical cardiovascular disease.
methodsWe performed speckle-tracking analysis on HyperGEN (Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network) study echocardiograms with available urinary sodium data (N = 2,996). We evaluated the associations among ESI and LS, circumferential strain, and e' velocity using multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models (to account for relatedness among subjects) with linear splines (spline 1: ESI ≤3.7 g/day, spline 2: ESI >3.7 g/day based on visual inspection of fractional polynomial plots of the association between ESI and indices of strain and e' velocity). We performed mediation analysis to understand the indirect effects of systolic blood pressure and serum aldosterone on the relationship between ESI and strain and e' velocity.
resultsMean age of participants was 49 ± 14 years, 57% were female, 50% were African American, and 54% had hypertension. The median ESI was 3.73 (interquartile range: 3.24, 4.25) g/day. ESI >3.7 g/day was associated with larger left atrial and left ventricular dimensions (p < 0.05). After adjusting for speckle-tracking analyst, image quality, study site, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol use, daily blocks walked, diuretic use, estimated glomerular filtration rate, left ventricular mass, ejection fraction, and wall motion score index, ESI >3.7 g/day was associated with both strain parameters and e' velocity (p < 0.05 for all comparisons), but ESI ≤3.7 g/day was not (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). There were significant interactions by potassium excretion for circumferential strain. Mediation analysis suggested that systolic blood pressure explained 14% and 20% of the indirect effects between ESI and LS and e' velocity, respectively, whereas serum aldosterone explained 19% of the indirect effects between ESI and LS.
conclusionsESI >3.7 g/day is associated with adverse cardiac remodeling and worse systolic strain and diastolic e' velocity.
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