ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2016
Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated Experimental and Computational Analysis of SLM-Fabricated Ti6Al4V Octet-Truss Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Research progress on osseointegration performance of porous structure-modified titanium alloy implants.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Advances in Titanium-Based Biomaterial for Human Bone Scaffolds: Narrative Review on Design, Fabrication, Surface Engineering, Implantation, and Biological Evaluation.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Topography-based implants for bone regeneration: Design, biological mechanism, and therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Preparation and Post-Processing of Three-Dimensional Printed Porous Titanium Alloys.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Treatment Effect and Mechanism Analysis of Ti6AL4V Porous Scaffolds Prepared by Selective Laser Melting with Different Chemical Polishing Processes.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2024Article
- In Vivo Assessment of a Triple Periodic Minimal Surface Based Biomimmetic Gyroid as an Implant Material in a Rabbit Tibia Model.ACS materials Au · 2024Article
- Cell response and bone ingrowth to 3D printed Ti6Al4V scaffolds with Mg-incorporating sol-gel TaRSC advances · 2023Article
- The State of the Art in Machining Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effects of Different Titanium Surfaces Created by 3D Printing Methods, Particle Sizes, and Acid Etching on Protein Adsorption and Cell Adhesion, Proliferation, and Differentiation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Chemical Polishing of Additively Manufactured, Porous, Nickel-Titanium Skeletal Fixation Plates.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2022Article
- Definition, measurement, and function of pore structure dimensions of bioengineered porous bone tissue materials based on additive manufacturing: A review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Methods of Topical Administration of Drugs and Biological Active Substances for Dental Implants-A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Bioactivation Treatment with Mixed Acid and Heat on Titanium Implants Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting Enhances Preosteoblast Cell Differentiation.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Porous Tantalum VS. Titanium Implants: Enhanced Mineralized Matrix Formation after Stem Cells Proliferation and Differentiation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- 3D Diatom-Designed and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Manufactured Metallic Structures.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Manual polishing of 3D printed metals produced by laser powder bed fusion reduces biofilm formation.PloS one · 2019Article
- The Influence of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Process Parameters on In-Vitro Cell Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Influence of Inherent Surface and Internal Defects on Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy: Comparison between Selective Laser Melting and Electron Beam Melting.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nowadays, post-surgical or post-accidental bone loss can be substituted by custom-made scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) methods from metallic powders. However, the partially melted powder particles must be removed in a post-process chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the chemical polishing with various acid baths on novel scaffolds' morphology, porosity and mechanical properties. In the first stage, Magics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) was used to design a porous scaffolds with pore size equal to (A) 200 µm, (B) 500 µm and (C) 200 + 500 µm, and diamond cell structure. The scaffolds were fabricated from commercially pure titanium powder (CP Ti) using a SLM50 3D printing machine (Realizer GmbH, Borchen, Germany). The selective laser melting (SLM) process was optimized and the laser beam energy density in range of 91-151 J/mm³ was applied to receive 3D structures with fully dense struts. To remove not fully melted titanium particles the scaffolds were chemically polished using various HF and HF-HNO₃ acid solutions. Based on scaffolds mass loss and scanning electron (SEM) observations, baths which provided most uniform surface cleaning were proposed for each porosity. The pore and strut size after chemical treatments was calculated based on the micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and SEM images. The mechanical tests showed that the treated scaffolds had Young's modulus close to that of compact bone. Additionally, the effect of pore size of chemically polished scaffolds on cell retention, proliferation and differentiation was studied using human mesenchymal stem cells. Small pores yielded higher cell retention within the scaffolds, which then affected their growth. This shows that
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