ArticleNature2017
The evolution of the host microbiome as an ecosystem on a leash.
Article in Nature, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07184684 (Sinonasal Microbiome Transplant as a Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 410 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sinonasal Microbiome Transplant as a Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS): A Randomized , Placebo Controlled Cross Over Trial
Who cites it
410 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of the human gut microbiome uncovers shared and distinct microbial signatures between diseases.mSystems · 2024Pooled it
- Roles of the gut microbiome in weight management.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Experimental temperatures shape host microbiome diversity and composition.Global change biology · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of the Green-Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic health are linked to gut microbiome modifications: a randomized controlled trial.Genome medicine · 2022Trial
- Beyond the gut microbe: Rethinking infection, microbiome harmony, and the one-health continuum.World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- The bacterial march toward symbiosis: on-ramps and off-ramps.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Not All Children Are the Same: Differences in the Microbiome Assembly During Early Development of Seaweeds.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Metabolic cooperation supports mutual growth between the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and dysbiotic vaginal bacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Evolutionary Genomics of Human Gut Bacteria: Ecological Plasticity Across the Mutualism-Pathogenicity Spectrum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The island biology of the host microbiome.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Immune surveillance and microbial escape in the aging host: Why does the microbiome lose its balance?PLoS biology · 2026Review
- The uropygial gland of the European hoopoe as a symbiotic organ.Animal microbiome · 2026Article
- Emergent frequency-dependent selection predicts mutation outcomes in complex ecological communities.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Integrating the Microbiome Into Infection Ecology and Evolution in Wild Animals.Molecular ecology · 2026Review
- Two kinds of evolutionary individuals: the concept of common interest as an evolutionary foundation of dualism on biological individuality.History and philosophy of the life sciences · 2026Article
- Microbiome-Responsive Hydrogels: From Biological Cues to Smart Biomaterials.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Developing Effective Bioinoculant and Engineering Plant Microbiome for Climate Resilient Agriculture: Lessons Learned and Future Roadmap.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Post-defecation exposure alters gut microbiota of forest musk deer with implications for conservation metagenomics.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Regulation of interbacterial interactions betweenbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
350 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The human body carries vast communities of microbes that provide many benefits. Our microbiome is complex and challenging to understand, but evolutionary theory provides a universal framework with which to analyse its biology and health impacts. Here we argue that to understand a given microbiome feature, such as colonization resistance, host nutrition or immune development, we must consider how hosts and symbionts evolve. Symbionts commonly evolve to compete within the host ecosystem, while hosts evolve to keep the ecosystem on a leash. We suggest that the health benefits of the microbiome should be understood, and studied, as an interplay between microbial competition and host control.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.