ArticleNature communications2017
Identification and characterization of a novel botulinum neurotoxin.
Article in Nature communications, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 161 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
161 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 259 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Botulism, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Workgroup Report by the Joint Task Force Involving American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI); Food Allergy, Anaphylaxis, Dermatology and Drug Allergy (FADDA) (Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee and Adverse Reactions to Drugs, Biologicals, and Latex Committee); and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Botulism Clinical Treatment Guidelines Workgroup-Allergic Reactions to Botulinum Antitoxin: A Systematic Review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Pooled it
- Efficacy of Antitoxin Therapy in Treating Patients With Foodborne Botulism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cases, 1923-2016.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Pooled it
- The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Headache Disorders.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Article
- Structure and functional divergence of the non-canonical BoNT-like toxin PG1 and PG2.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evolution of botulinum neurotoxin serotype X proteases to induce inflammatory cell death in cancer cells.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Botulinum neurotoxin: from molecular pathogenesis to emerging countermeasures.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2026Review
- Targeting VAMPs in Aging-Related Diseases: From Mechanisms to Pharmacotherapy.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Characterisation of the SNAP-25 and SNAP-23 cleavage properties of the botulinum neurotoxin-like protein from Enterococcus.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based typing ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Equine botulism.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Review
- Review
- From Gut to Systemic Circulation: Molecular Strategies of Botulinum Neurotoxin Complexes.Toxins · 2026Review
- Development and Humanization of a Camelid-Derived Neutralizing Nanobody Targeting Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Identification and characterization of botulinum neurotoxin-like two-component toxins inScience advances · 2025Article
- Structure of the complete 14-subunit botulinum neurotoxin B complex reveals a unique anchoring through the narrow central pore of HA70.Science advances · 2025Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins: History, Mechanism, and Applications. A Narrative Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins are known to have seven serotypes (BoNT/A-G). Here we report a new BoNT serotype, tentatively named BoNT/X, which has the lowest sequence identity with other BoNTs and is not recognized by antisera against known BoNTs. Similar to BoNT/B/D/F/G, BoNT/X cleaves vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMP) 1, 2 and 3, but at a novel site (Arg66-Ala67 in VAMP2). Remarkably, BoNT/X is the only toxin that also cleaves non-canonical substrates VAMP4, VAMP5 and Ykt6. To validate its activity, a small amount of full-length BoNT/X was assembled by linking two non-toxic fragments using a transpeptidase (sortase). Assembled BoNT/X cleaves VAMP2 and VAMP4 in cultured neurons and causes flaccid paralysis in mice. Thus, BoNT/X is a novel BoNT with a unique substrate profile. Its discovery posts a challenge to develop effective countermeasures, provides a novel tool for studying intracellular membrane trafficking, and presents a new potential therapeutic toxin for modulating secretions in cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.