ArticleAnnals of intensive care2017
Feasibility and safety of virtual-reality-based early neurocognitive stimulation in critically ill patients.
Article in Annals of intensive care, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Neurocognitive Rehabilitation in Intensive Care
Safety, Tolerability, and Early Efficacy of Immersive Virtual Reality for Early Neurocognitive Stimulation in the Intensive Care Unit.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Virtual reality-based therapeutic intervention to prevent delirium in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of participant experiences, acceptability, and implementation implications.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Integrative Review.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of virtual reality stimulation on reducing the incidence of delirium among patients admitted to intensive care units: a systematic review study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of virtual reality technology on early mobility in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- A virtual reality-based multicomponent intervention program for preventing postoperative delirium in the intensive care unit for cardiac surgery patients: from evidence-based design to a pilot trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Virtual reality for delirium prevention in mechanically ventilated ICU patients: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Immersive Virtual Reality Use in Medical Intensive Care: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.JMIR serious games · 2024Article
- Virtual and augmented reality in intensive care medicine: a systematic review.Annals of intensive care · 2023Review
- Future directions in ventilator-induced lung injury associated cognitive impairment: a new sight.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Virtual and augmented reality in critical care medicine: the patient's, clinician's, and researcher's perspective.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Review
- Article
- Cinematic virtual reality for anxiety management in mechanically ventilated patients: a feasibility and pilot study.Acute and critical care · 2022Article
- Characterization and management of cognitive and emotional alterations in COVID-19 critically ill patients after ICU discharge.Medicina intensiva · 2022Article
- Virtual Reality-Based Early Neurocognitive Stimulation in Critically Ill Patients: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Virtual Reality to Improve Sequelae of the Postintensive Care Syndrome: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study.Critical care explorations · 2021Article
- Virtual Reality Tailored to the Needs of Post-ICU Patients: A Safety and Immersiveness Study in Healthy Volunteers.Critical care explorations · 2021Article
- What place for virtual reality in the intensive care unit during medical procedures?Journal of intensive care · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGrowing evidence suggests that critical illness often results in significant long-term neurocognitive impairments in one-third of survivors. Although these neurocognitive impairments are long-lasting and devastating for survivors, rehabilitation rarely occurs during or after critical illness. Our aim is to describe an early neurocognitive stimulation intervention based on virtual reality for patients who are critically ill and to present the results of a proof-of-concept study testing the feasibility, safety, and suitability of this intervention.
methodsTwenty critically ill adult patients undergoing or having undergone mechanical ventilation for ≥24 h received daily 20-min neurocognitive stimulation sessions when awake and alert during their ICU stay. The difficulty of the exercises included in the sessions progressively increased over successive sessions. Physiological data were recorded before, during, and after each session. Safety was assessed through heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. Heart rate variability analysis, an indirect measure of autonomic activity sensitive to cognitive demands, was used to assess the efficacy of the exercises in stimulating attention and working memory.
resultsPatients successfully completed the sessions on most days. No sessions were stopped early for safety concerns, and no adverse events occurred. Heart rate variability analysis showed that the exercises stimulated attention and working memory. Critically ill patients considered the sessions enjoyable and relaxing without being overly fatiguing.
conclusionsThe results in this proof-of-concept study suggest that a virtual-reality-based neurocognitive intervention is feasible, safe, and tolerable, stimulating cognitive functions and satisfying critically ill patients. Future studies will evaluate the impact of interventions on neurocognitive outcomes. Trial registration Clinical trials.gov identifier: NCT02078206.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.