ReviewFrontiers in physiology2017
Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling as a Promising Therapy for Inflammatory Diseases: A Journey from Molecular to Nano Therapeutics.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
208 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 348 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association of toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms with primary open angle glaucoma susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Modulation of Nrf2/TNF-α and TLR4/TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways by Nigella Sativa Oil and Echinacea Purpurea Extract Attenuates Cyclosporine A-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Immunotoxicity.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- IgA nephropathy new therapies: from data in adults to application in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics, management, and hematopoietic cell transplantation of patients with TLR8 gain-of-function.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-Enabled Modulation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Dendritic Cells to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mygalin reduces inflammation by targeting TLR3 signaling pathway in macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Oncolytic virus and immunogenic cell death in cancer therapy.Tumour virus research · 2025Review
- Modulation of Toll-like Receptors with Natural Compounds: A Therapeutic Avenue Against Inflammaging?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Enhancing Cancer Therapy with TLR7/8 Agonists: Applications in Vaccines and Combination Treatments.Cancers · 2025Review
- Nanocarrier-Based Targeting of Pattern Recognition Receptors as an Innovative Strategy for Enhancing Sepsis Therapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Agonists and Antagonists Show Different Unbinding Paths from the TLR8 Receptor.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Anti-atherogenic immune checkpoint TIM-3 as a promising pharmacologic target toward ischemic heart diseases: a prospective review.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The immune system in cardiovascular diseases: from basic mechanisms to therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Gram-negative bacteria activate cellular pathways in plaque microenvironment; Systems biology approach.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Effect of clove flower extract (Narra J · 2025Article
- Navigating the Complex Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury: Exploring Macrophage Dynamics, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Ferroptosis Pathways.Advances in kidney disease and health · 2025Review
- Multifunctional hyaluronic acid-based biomimetic/pH-responsive hybrid nanostructured lipid carriers for treating bacterial sepsis.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Prognostic Value of Apolipoprotein E in Predicting One-year Mortality in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Role of Toll-like receptors in exosome biogenesis and angiogenesis capacity.BioImpacts : BI · 2025Review
148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recognition of invading pathogens and endogenous molecules from damaged tissues by toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers protective self-defense mechanisms. However, excessive TLR activation disrupts the immune homeostasis by sustained pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production and consequently contributes to the development of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), infection-associated sepsis, atherosclerosis, and asthma. Therefore, inhibitors/antagonists targeting TLR signals may be beneficial to treat these disorders. In this article, we first briefly summarize the pathophysiological role of TLRs in the inflammatory diseases. We then focus on reviewing the current knowledge in both preclinical and clinical studies of various TLR antagonists/inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases. These compounds range from conventional small molecules to therapeutic biologics and nanodevices. In particular, nanodevices are emerging as a new class of potent TLR inhibitors for their unique properties in desired bio-distribution, sustained circulation, and preferred pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. More interestingly, the inhibitory activity of these nanodevices can be regulated through precise nano-functionalization, making them the next generation therapeutics or "nano-drugs." Although, significant efforts have been made in developing different kinds of new TLR inhibitors/antagonists, only limited numbers of them have undergone clinical trials, and none have been approved for clinical uses to date. Nevertheless, these findings and continuous studies of TLR inhibition highlight the pharmacological regulation of TLR signaling, especially on multiple TLR pathways, as future promising therapeutic strategy for various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.