ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2017
Diagnosing antiphospholipid syndrome: 'extra-criteria' manifestations and technical advances.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparison of non-criteria antiphospholipid syndrome with definite antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Antiphospholipid syndrome: epidemiology and outcomes in the evolving criteria era.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Serum from Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome Differentially Affects Venous and Microcirculatory Endothelial Cells.Biology · 2026Article
- Association of EndometrialBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Integrating Anti-Phosphatidylserine/Prothrombin Antibodies Testing into Antiphospholipid Syndrome Diagnostics: A Multidomain, Expert Perception-Based Health Technology Assessment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Annexins and autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases - Insights into SLE, APS and RA: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein I as an independent risk factor in acute venous thromboembolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evolution of therapy for autoimmune diseases in pregnancy: a retrospective study from 2000 to 2023.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Non-thrombotic manifestations in pediatric patients with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies. A Mexican tertiary center case series.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Overlapping and distinct fatty acid dysregulation in infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortion.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Recurrent coronary in-stent restenosis as the primary manifestation of non-criteria antiphospholipid syndrome confirmed by anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin IgM antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Acute myocardial infarction and antiphospholipid syndrome: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome and the Kidney.Kidney international reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Genetic factors associated with the co-occurrence of endometriosis with antiphospholipid syndrome (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Review
- Identifying Parameters Associated with Delayed Diagnosis in Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Data from China Prospective APS Cohort.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- Activated Complement System's Impact in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Thrombosis: From Pathophysiology to Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Optimizing antiphospholipid antibody testing: a real-world analysis of appropriateness and resource utilization.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Corticosteroid-Resistant Secondary Immune Thrombocytopenia Associated With Connective Tissue Diseases in China: A Retrospective Comparative Study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Remnant cholesterol predicts risk of recurrent thrombosis beyond LDL-cholesterol in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.BMC medicine · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
First described in the early 1980s, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a unique form of acquired autoimmune thrombophilia in which patients present with clinical features of recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity and persistently test positive for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). At least one clinical (vascular thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity) and one lab-based (positive test result for lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies and/or anti-β2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies) criterion have to be met for a patient to be classified as having APS. However, the clinical spectrum of APS encompasses additional manifestations that can affect many organs and cannot be explained exclusively by patients being in a prothrombotic state; clinical manifestations not listed in the classification criteria (known as extra-criteria manifestations) include neurologic manifestations (chorea, myelitis and migraine), haematologic manifestations (thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia), livedo reticularis, nephropathy and valvular heart disease. Increasingly, research interest has focused on the development of novel assays that might be more specific for APS than the current aPL tests. This Review focuses on the current classification criteria for APS, presenting the role of extra-criteria manifestations and lab-based tests. Diagnostic approaches to difficult cases, including so-called seronegative APS, are also discussed.
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