ArticleBirth defects research2017
Risk factors for orofacial clefts in India: A case-control study.
Article in Birth defects research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal Vitamin B12 Status During Pregnancy and Its Association With Outcomes of Pregnancy and Health of the Offspring: A Systematic Review and Implications for Policy in India.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Micronutrient intake and food insecurity among mothers of infants with orofacial clefts: a cross-sectional study in Iran.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Orofacial Cleft and Its Association with Consanguineous Marriage and Other Risk Factors: A Case-control Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu Province.International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2024Article
- Orofacial Clefts and Maternal Risk Factors: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Environmental mechanisms of orofacial clefts.Birth defects research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOrofacial clefts (OFC) are linked with several genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to explore the association of potential risk factors with OFCs in India.
methodsThis was a hospital-based, matched case-control (1:4 ratio; matching done for parity) study conducted in Hyderabad, Bengaluru, and Delhi-National Capital Region. Cases (nonsyndromic clefts) were recruited from treatment centers, while controls (live births) were recruited from maternity centers. Information on exposures was collected during personal interviews. Exposures of interest included folic acid supplementation during the peri-conceptional period, consanguineous marriage, exposure to drugs, infections during pregnancy, family history of OFC, and dietary factors.
resultsA total of 785 participants were included in the study: 157 cases and 628 controls. A family history of cleft lip/palate (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 15.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.36-54.96; p value = 0.001), exclusive vegetarianism (AOR, 4.47; 95% CI, 1.83-10.98; p value = 0.001), and delayed first conception (AOR, 2.55, 95% CI, 1.25-5.21, p = 0.01) were found to be strongly associated with higher risk of OFCs. Supplementation with folic acid during first 3 months of pregnancy was not found to be protective against OFCs (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.59-2.58; p value = 0.56).
conclusionOur study confirmed the importance of family history as a risk factor for OFC. Our study did not show an association with folic acid supplementation but was underpowered to detect small effects. Our finding of higher risk among vegetarians requires replication. Birth Defects Research 109:1284-1291, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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