ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2017
Pregnancy: Effect on Multiple Sclerosis, Treatment Considerations, and Breastfeeding.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01466114 (A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Estriol Treatment in Women With Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Estriol Treatment in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: Effect on Cognition.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Multiple Sclerosis in Pregnancy and its Role in Female Fertility: A Systematic Review.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2021Pooled it
- Italian Delphi Consensus on Maternity Care in Multiple Sclerosis: Toward an Interdisciplinary Model of Care.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Disease Course, Outcomes, and Complications in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women with Multiple Sclerosis Treated with Rituximab or Ocrelizumab: A Narrative Review.Journal of research in pharmacy practice · 2026Review
- Study of Royal Jelly effect on serum levels of IL-4, TNF- α, TGF-B, and IFN-γ in multiple sclerosis patients in comparison with Omega-3; A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial.Avicenna journal of phytomedicine · 2026Article
- Epidural labor analgesia in a pregnant woman with symptomatic recurrence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a case report.JA clinical reports · 2025Article
- Insufficient awareness of the disease and reproductive health issues in persons with multiple sclerosis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Article
- Contraceptives or Hormone Replacement Therapy and Associations with Autoimmune Conditions: Exploring Effects of Estrogen Analog Supplementation.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Pregnancy and Disability: A Scoping Review of the Rehabilitation Counseling Literature.Rehabilitation counseling bulletin · 2025Article
- Regulatory mechanisms of neuro inflammation from a gender perspective: interactions among astrocytes, sex hormones, and the gut-brain axis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Patient-centered pregnancy planning in multiple sclerosis: evidence for a new era.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Review
- Multiple Sclerosis and Family Planning: A Survey Study of the Patient Experience.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2024Article
- Disease Modifying Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis: New Rays of Hope to Combat Disability?Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Neuroprotection in Cerebral Cortex Induced by the Pregnancy Hormone Estriol.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2023Article
- Family Planning in Fertile-Age Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (ConPlanEM Study): Delphi Consensus Statements.Cureus · 2023Article
- Monoclonal Antibodies in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Review and an Updated Clinical Guide.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Origins and immunopathogenesis of autoimmune central nervous system disorders.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Estrogens as a Possible Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection in COVID-19.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Maternal Multiple Sclerosis and Offspring's Cognitive and Behavioral Development: What Do We Know until Now?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly affects women in childbearing years making pregnancy issues important for patients with MS and their families. Pregnancy is a naturally occurring disease modifier of MS associated with a 70% reduction in relapse rates in the third trimester. This relapse rate reduction during the last trimester is roughly equal to the most effective disease-modifying treatments for MS. Given this efficacy, various pregnancy factors have been tested to determine which play a part in pregnancy's protection, and some have been translated to completed and ongoing phase II clinical trials. In contrast to protective effects during pregnancy, the postpartum period entails increased relapse risk, which may be due to either abrupt removal of protective pregnancy factors after delivery or to unique deleterious factors inherent to the postpartum period. The effect of breastfeeding on MS remains unclear. The best predictor for whether a patient will have a postpartum relapse is the incidence of her having active relapsing MS prior to pregnancy. The medical management of MS during pregnancy and the postpartum period is challenging given the risks of medication exposure to the fetus in utero and to the infant through breast milk. This review will focus on clinical aspects of pregnancy, including the effects of pregnancy on MS disease activity, as well as the medical management of MS during pregnancy and postpartum.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.