Trial reportPrevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research2018
Promoting Afterschool Quality and Positive Youth Development: Cluster Randomized Trial of the Pax Good Behavior Game.
Trial report in Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies for Enhancing the Implementation of Universal Mental Health Prevention Programs in Schools: A Systematic Review.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023Pooled it
- Playing the long game: A multivariate multilevel non-linear growth curve model of long-term effects in a randomized trial of the Good Behavior Game.Journal of school psychology · 2021Trial
- Effectiveness of a Universal, Classroom-Based Preventive Intervention (PAX GBG) in Estonia: a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2020Trial
- Using Intervention Mapping to Develop, Implement, and Evaluate a Community Engaged Crime Reduction Intervention.Journal of community psychology · 2026Article
- Implementation evaluation of a community-based youth participatory action research program.American journal of community psychology · 2025Article
- Co-design and Development of Implementation Strategies: Enhancing the PAX Good Behaviour Game in Australian Schools.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2023Review
- AFTERSCHOOL CONNECTEDNESS, RACIAL-ETHNIC IDENTITY, AFFIRMATION, AND PROBLEM BEHAVIORS.Journal of youth development : bridging research and practice · 2022Article
- A cluster randomised effectiveness-implementation trial of an intervention to increase the adoption of PAX Good Behaviour Game, a mental health prevention program, in Australian primary schools: Study protocol.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2022Article
- The "Haves, Have Some, and Have Nots:" a Latent Profile Analysis of Capacity, Quality, and Implementation in Community-Based Afterschool Programs.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2021Article
- The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development, Purpose in Life, Hope, and Well-Being Among Emerging Adults in Malaysia.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Exploring Racial-Ethnic Pride & Perceived Barriers in PYD: A Latent Profile Analysis.Applied developmental science · 2021Article
- The PAX Good Behavior Game: One Model for Evolving a More Nurturing Society.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2020Review
- Scaling up and scaling out: Consilience and the evolution of more nurturing societies.Clinical psychology review · 2020Review
- Exploring Children's Creative Self-Efficacy Affected by After-School Program and Parent-Child Relationships.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Patterns of Family, School, and Community Promotive Factors and Health Disparities Among Youth: Implications for Prevention Science.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2019Article
- Workforce Support for Urban After-School Programs: Turning Obstacles into Opportunities.American journal of community psychology · 2019Article
- Using Connected Technologies in a Continuous Quality Improvement Approach in After-school Settings: The PAX Good Behavior Game.Journal of technology in human services · 2019Article
- How Program Users Enhance Fidelity: Implementing the WITS Programs in Rural Canadian Elementary Schools.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2018Article
- Principles of Precision Prevention Science for Improving Recruitment and Retention of Participants.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2018Article
- Effectiveness of a universal classroom-based preventive intervention (PAX GBG): A research protocol for a matched-pair cluster-randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This randomized trial tested a strategy originally developed for school settings, the Pax Good Behavior Game (PAX GBG), in the new context of afterschool programs. We examined this approach in afterschool since 70% of all juvenile crime occurs between the hours of 3-6 pm, making afterschool an important setting for prevention and promotion. Dual-career and working families need monitoring and supervision for their children in quality settings that are safe and appropriately structured. While substantial work has identified important features of afterschool programs, increasing attention is being given to how to foster quality. PAX GBG, with its focus on shared norms, cooperative teams, contingent activity rewards, and liberal praise, could potentially enhance not only appropriate structure and supportive relationships, but also youth self-regulation, co-regulation, and socio-emotional development. This study examined the PAX GBG among 76 afterschool programs, serving 811 youth ages 5-12, who were diverse in race-ethnicity, socio-economic status, and geographic locale. Demographically matched pairs of afterschool programs were randomized to PAX GBG or treatment-as-usual. Independent observers conducted ratings of implementation fidelity and program quality across time; along with surveys of children's problem and prosocial behavior. Interaction effects were found using hierarchical linear models such that experimental programs evidencing higher implementation fidelity demonstrated better program quality than controls, (i.e., less harshness, increased appropriate structure, support, and engagement), as well as reduced child-reported hyperactivity and intent-to-treat effects on prosocial behavior. This study demonstrates that best practices fostered by PAX GBG and implemented with fidelity in afterschool result in higher quality contexts for positive youth development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.