ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2017
Medical School Factors Associated with Changes in Implicit and Explicit Bias Against Gay and Lesbian People among 3492 Graduating Medical Students.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Training in LGBTQ-affirmative cognitive behavioral therapy: A randomized controlled trial across LGBTQ community centers.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2022Trial
- Implicit Bias in Health Professionals: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Association of demographic characteristics with evolution of interest in anesthesiology during medical school.PloS one · 2026Article
- LGBTQ+ persons, queer bioethics, and inclusivity in stem cell research and regenerative medicine.Regenerative medicine · 2025Review
- The Dissectionality of Care in the U.S.: A Scoping Review in Healthcare of Implicit Bias, Perceived Discrimination, and Minority Stress Among Sexual and Gender Minorities.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Implicit bias assessment by career stage in medical education training: a narrative review.BMC medical education · 2025Review
- Unmet Healthcare Needs and Medical Cannabis Use Among Sexual and Gender Minoritized Adults in a High-Stigma Environment.Journal of homosexuality · 2025Article
- LGBTQ+ health education for medical students in the United States: a narrative literature review.Medical education online · 2024Review
- Sexual and gender minority health: a roadmap for developing evidence-based medical school curricula.Canadian medical education journal · 2024Review
- Healthcare stereotype threat, healthcare access, and health outcomes in a probability sample of U.S. transgender and gender diverse adults.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Estimating implicit and explicit racial and ethnic bias among community pharmacists in Canada.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Intergroup Contact Improves Medical Student Attitudes and Skill in Transgender Health Care.Transgender health · 2024Article
- Characterization of content associated with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer individuals in Chilean medical schools: a cross-sectional survey.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- The sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) medical trainee: the journey through medical education.BMC medical education · 2024Review
- A needs-assessment survey of the high school LGBTQ+ environment by a health science center interprofessional team.Frontiers in sociology · 2024Article
- A scoping review to identify and organize literature trends of bias research within medical student and resident education.BMC medical education · 2023Article
- Veterinary education and experience shape beliefs about dog breeds Part 1: Pain sensitivity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Medical students' perceptions of LGBTQ+ healthcare in Singapore and the United Kingdom.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Internal Medicine Residency Assessments.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Anti-Indigenous bias of medical school applicants: a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImplicit and explicit bias among providers can influence the quality of healthcare. Efforts to address sexual orientation bias in new physicians are hampered by a lack of knowledge of school factors that influence bias among students.
objectiveTo determine whether medical school curriculum, role modeling, diversity climate, and contact with sexual minorities predict bias among graduating students against gay and lesbian people.
designProspective cohort study.
participantsA sample of 4732 first-year medical students was recruited from a stratified random sample of 49 US medical schools in the fall of 2010 (81% response; 55% of eligible), of which 94.5% (4473) identified as heterosexual. Seventy-eight percent of baseline respondents (3492) completed a follow-up survey in their final semester (spring 2014). MAIN MEASURES: Medical school predictors included formal curriculum, role modeling, diversity climate, and contact with sexual minorities. Outcomes were year 4 implicit and explicit bias against gay men and lesbian women, adjusted for bias at year 1. KEY
resultsIn multivariate models, lower explicit bias against gay men and lesbian women was associated with more favorable contact with LGBT faculty, residents, students, and patients, and perceived skill and preparedness for providing care to LGBT patients. Greater explicit bias against lesbian women was associated with discrimination reported by sexual minority students (b = 1.43 [0.16, 2.71]; p = 0.03). Lower implicit sexual orientation bias was associated with more frequent contact with LGBT faculty, residents, students, and patients (b = -0.04 [-0.07, -0.01); p = 0.008). Greater implicit bias was associated with more faculty role modeling of discriminatory behavior (b = 0.34 [0.11, 0.57); p = 0.004).
conclusionsMedical schools may reduce bias against sexual minority patients by reducing negative role modeling, improving the diversity climate, and improving student preparedness to care for this population.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.