ArticleBMJ open2017
Neighbouring green space and mortality in community-dwelling elderly Hong Kong Chinese: a cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does the biodiversity of urban green spaces impact on human health? A systematic review of literature.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of the Nexus between campus green spaces and mental well-being in mainland China and Hong Kong.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Impacts of Urban Green on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Green space exposure on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Pooled it
- Green spaces and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2019Pooled it
- The mortality impacts of implementing the 3-30-300 greenness rule and the WHO air quality guidelines in Bari, Southern Italy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Midlife exposure to neighborhood greenness and later-life cognitive decline: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Association between exposure to green and blue spaces and respiratory health in the elderly: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Benefit of urban greenness on patients after an ischaemic stroke: mortality or recurrence? A registry-based cohort study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Association between green space exposure and elderly health: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Color characteristics and psychological healing effects in Rokuon-ji Temple Garden: a quantitative analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The mortality impacts of greening Italy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The impact of green space on nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality in the Adventist Health Study-2 population.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- The effect of residential greenness on cardiovascular mortality from a large cohort in South China: An in-depth analysis of effect modification by multiple demographic and lifestyle characteristics.Environment international · 2024Article
- The Effects of the Built Environment on the Mental Health of Older Adults: A Case Study in Hangzhou, China.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- Greenness exposure: beneficial but multidimensional.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2023Review
- Diversity of Studies on Neighborhood Greenspace and Brain Health by Racialized/Ethnic Group and Geographic Region: A Rapid Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Spatial association between green space and COPD mortality: a township-level ecological study in Chongqing, China.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Living alone and all-cause mortality in community-dwelling older adults: The moderating role of perceived neighborhood cohesion.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- Neighborhood greenspace and cognition: The cardiovascular health study.Health & place · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveGreen space has been shown to be beneficial for human wellness through multiple pathways. This study aimed to explore the contributions of neighbouring green space to cause-specific mortality.
methodsData from 3544 Chinese men and women (aged ≥65 years at baseline) in a community-based cohort study were analysed. Outcome measures, identified from the death registry, were death from all-cause, respiratory system disease, circulatory system disease. The quantity of green space (%) within a 300 m radius buffer was calculated for each subject from a map created based on the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics, socioeconomics, lifestyle, health conditions and housing type were used to estimate the HRs and 95% CIs.
resultsDuring a mean of 10.3 years of follow-up, 795 deaths were identified. Our findings showed that a 10% increase in coverage of green space was significantly associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.963, 95% CI 0.930 to 0.998), circulatory system-caused mortality (HR 0.887, 95% CI 0.817 to 0.963) and stroke-caused mortality (HR 0.661, 95% CI 0.524 to 0.835), independent of age, sex, marital status, years lived in Hong Kong, education level, socioeconomic ladder, smoking, alcohol intake, diet quality, self-rated health and housing type. The inverse associations between coverage of green space with all-cause mortality (HR 0.964, 95% CI 0.931 to 0.999) and circulatory system disease-caused mortality (HR 0.888, 95% CI 0.817 to 0.964) were attenuated when the models were further adjusted for physical activity and cognitive function. The effects of green space on all-cause and circulatory system-caused mortality tended to be stronger in females than in males.
conclusionHigher coverage of green space was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality, circulatory system-caused mortality and stroke-caused mortality in Chinese older people living in a highly urbanised city.
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