ReviewNeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation2017
Frequencies of neuronal autoantibodies in healthy controls: Estimation of disease specificity.
Review in Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis in psychiatry: clinical recommendations and unresolved challenges from the GENERATE network.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Anti-NMDAR antibodies are not prevalent in Lyme neuroborreliosis: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Antibodies in neurological diseases: Established, emerging, explorative.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- The three pillars in treating antibody-mediated encephalitis.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Review
- Human stem cell-derived neurons and astrocytes to detect novel auto-reactive IgG response in immune-mediated neurological diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Seroprevalence of autoimmune antibodies in degenerative ataxias: a broad, disease-controlled screening in 456 subjects.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Seasonal variation and temporal relationship to the COVID-19 pandemic of NMDA receptor antibody results.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Antineuronal Autoantibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum From 106 Patients With Recent-Onset Depression Compared With 106 Individually Matched Healthy Control Subjects.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Neural Surface Antibodies and Neurodegeneration: Clinical Commonalities and Pathophysiological Relationships.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis in the Netherlands, Focusing on Late-Onset Patients and Antibody Test Accuracy.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Observational
- Neuroimmunological investigations of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with recent onset depression - a study protocol.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Paraneoplastic disorders of the nervous system.Journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Lyme Disease and Associated NMDAR Encephalitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.Neurology international · 2021Article
- Ganglionic Acetylcholine Receptor Antibodies in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2021Article
- The Pursuit of Precision in Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disease.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Are Antibody Panels Under-Utilized in Movement Disorders Diagnosis? No.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Article
- Are Antibody Panels Under-Utilized in Movement Disorders Diagnosis? Yes.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Article
- Acute cerebral atrophy in autoimmune encephalitis complicated by haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Case Report: Severe Adolescent Major Depressive Syndrome Turns Out to Be an Unusual Case of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo provide an extensive overview on the prevalence of antibodies against neuronal surfaces (neuronal surface antibody [NSAb]) in healthy participants and disease controls.
methodsWe searched the PubMed database (1974 to October 2016) for studies that analyzed frequencies of 22 different NSAbs in serum or CSF and included controls. Antibody prevalence was calculated for patients with NSAb-mediated disease and controls, including healthy participants, and those with neurologic and nonneurologic diseases. Different assays for antibody detection were compared.
resultsIn 309 articles, 743,299 antibody tests for 22 NSAbs were performed, including 30,485 tests for 19 NSAbs in healthy controls (HCs). Of these, 26,423 (86.7%) were tested with current standard methods, usually cell-based assays. Prevalence was very low in HCs (mean 0.23%, absent for 9/19 antibodies), and test numbers ranged from 21 to 3,065 per antibody. One study reported >1,000 healthy participants, and the others contained 21-274 samples. CSF samples were virtually not available from HCs. NSAb prevalence was considerably higher (1.5%) in 69,850 disease controls, i.e., patients not initially suspected to have NSAb-mediated diseases. Antibody determination in controls using nonstandard assays (such as ELISA) resulted in 6% positivity.
conclusionsNSAbs are rarely found in healthy participants, particularly with standard detection methods, suggesting high disease specificity and supporting their diagnostic usefulness. Conversely, positive titers in atypical patients might point to the still expanding phenotypic spectrum. Future studies should include more CSF samples, data from HCs, and experimental evidence for antibody pathogenicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.