ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017
Cytokine signature associated with disease severity in chronic fatigue syndrome patients.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 241 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
241 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 417 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroendocrine signature of ME/CFS: Meta-analytic evidence for bioactive cortisol deficit and exaggerated feedback sensitivity.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluation of viral infection as an etiology of ME/CFS: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Gut dysbiosis in severe mental illness and chronic fatigue: a novel trans-diagnostic construct? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Associations Between Psychological and Immunological Variables in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME).Journal of translational medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Systematic review of randomized controlled trials for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME).Journal of translational medicine · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of cytokines in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis/systemic exertion intolerance disease (CFS/ME/SEID).BMC neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Differential Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Involved in Aerobic Exercise Improvement of Chronic Fatigue Symptoms in Adolescents Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Lasting Immunological Imprint of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection With Associations to Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Fatigue.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome patients exhibit altered T cell metabolism and cytokine associations.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Evidence for similarity in symptoms and mechanism: The extra-pulmonary symptoms of severe asthma and the polysymptomatic presentation of fibromyalgia.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2019Trial
- Multimodal approach to identify neuropsychophysiological subgroups in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and their relevance for rehabilitation: protocol for a mechanistic cross-sectional and longitudinal study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Closed-Loop Neuromodulation for Brain Fatigue: From Real-Time Biomarkers to Adaptive Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Assessing the therapeutic potential of PDE-5 inhibitors in adults: Insights from a multi-omics study.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Sex- and menopause-related differences in immune and gastrointestinal symptom architecture in ME/CFS: evidence from factor analysis and structural equation modeling.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Toward a Molecular Reclassification of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Integrating Multi-Omics, Machine Learning, and Precision Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Emerging Roles in Pathogenesis, Immunity, Biomarkers and Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Involvement of autoantibodies against G protein-coupled receptors in post-COVID condition and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
181 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although some signs of inflammation have been reported previously in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), the data are limited and contradictory. High-throughput methods now allow us to interrogate the human immune system for multiple markers of inflammation at a scale that was not previously possible. To determine whether a signature of serum cytokines could be associated with ME/CFS and correlated with disease severity and fatigue duration, cytokines of 192 ME/CFS patients and 392 healthy controls were measured using a 51-multiplex array on a Luminex system. Each cytokine's preprocessed data were regressed on ME/CFS severity plus covariates for age, sex, race, and an assay property of newly discovered importance: nonspecific binding. On average, TGF-β was elevated (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.