ArticlePsychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)2017
The Utility of Outpatient Commitment: I. A Need for Treatment and a Least Restrictive Alternative to Psychiatric Hospitalization.
Article in Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The benefits and harms of community treatment orders for people diagnosed with psychiatric illnesses: A rapid umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- 'Traumatic to Say the Least; It Still Affects Me': Consumer Perspectives on Community Treatment Orders in Australia.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Ensuring compulsory treatment is used as a last resort: a narrative review of the knowledge about Community Treatment Orders.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2026Article
- Immigrant, racialised and ethno-culturally diverse communities and community treatment orders: A scoping review.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2025Article
- Community Treatment Orders in Australia in the Context of International Literature: A Narrative Review of Consumers, Families and Health Professionals' Perspectives.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025Review
- Latest findings highlight the continuing uncertainty over the utility of compulsory psychiatric treatment in the community.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Benefits following community treatment orders have an inverse relationship with rates of use: meta-analysis and meta-regression.BJPsych open · 2023Review
- Community Treatment Orders use Among Persons With a First Episode of Psychosis in Quebec.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- Mortality-Risk With "Capacity" Constraints On Community Treatment Order Utilization.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2023Article
- Need for Treatment, A Less Restrictive Alternative to Hospitalization, and Treatment Provision: The Utility of Community Treatment Orders.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2023Article
- Mental Health Conservatorship Among Homeless People With Serious Mental Illness.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2022Observational
- Protecting Health and Safety with Needed-Treatment: the Effectiveness of Outpatient Commitment.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2022Review
- Hospital Utilization Outcomes Following Assignment to Outpatient Commitment.Administration and policy in mental health · 2021Review
- Cooperation in the mental health treatment of patients with outpatient commitment.SAGE open medicine · 2020Article
- Different Patient Group Responses To Community Treatment Orders Suggest Alternative Approaches.Professional development (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Service Users' Knowledge and Views on Outpatients' Compulsory Community Treatment Orders: A Cross-Sectional Matched Comparison Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Article
- The utility of outpatient commitment: Reduced-risks of victimization and crime perpetration.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2019Article
- Community Treatment Orders and Supported Decision-Making.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
- Coercion in Outpatients under Community Treatment Orders: A Matched Comparison Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2018Article
- The Utility of Outpatient Commitment: II. Mortality Risk and Protecting Health, Safety, and Quality of Life.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study examined whether psychiatric patients assigned to community treatment orders (CTOs), outpatient commitment in Victoria, Australia, have a greater need for treatment to protect their health and safety than patients not assigned to CTOs. It also considered whether such treatment is provided in a least restrictive manner-that is, in a way that contributes to reduced use of psychiatric hospitalization.
methodsThe sample included 11,424 patients first placed on a CTO between 2000 and 2010, and 16,161 patients not placed on a CTO. Need for treatment was independently assessed with the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) at hospital admission and at discharge. Ordinary least-squares and Poisson regressions were used to assess savings in hospital days attributable to CTO placement.
resultsHoNOS ratings indicated that at admission and discharge, the CTO cohort's need for treatment exceeded that of the non-CTO cohort, particularly in areas indicating potential dangerous behavior. When analyses adjusted for the propensity to be selected into the CTO cohort and other factors, the mean duration of an inpatient episode was 4.6 days shorter for the CTO cohort than for the non-CTO cohort, and a reduction of 10.4 days per inpatient episode was attributable to each CTO placement.
conclusionsCTO placement may have helped patients with a greater need for treatment to experience shorter hospital stays. Whether the CTO directly enabled the fulfillment of unsought but required treatment needs that protected patient health and safety is a question that needs to be addressed in future research.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.