ArticleThe New phytologist2017
Delivery of cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors from Phytophthora infestans haustoria by distinct secretion pathways.
Article in The New phytologist, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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78 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism of Virulence in Fungal Pathogens with Diverse Modes of Living.Current microbiology · 2026Review
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- Intracellular accommodation of bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes by plants analyzed using transmission electron microscopy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Phytophthora infestans RxLR Effector PiAvr3b Targets NADP-Malic Enzyme to Promote Infection.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- Identification of MARVELous Protein Markers for Phytophthora infestans Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Identification Analysis of theGenes · 2025Article
- A Novel Effector FoUpe9 Enhances the Virulence ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mutations in the signal peptide of effector gene Pi04314 contribute to the adaptive evolution of the Phytophthora infestans.BMC ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Live cell imaging of plant infection provides new insight into the biology of pathogenesis by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.Journal of microscopy · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Genomic Analysis ofGenes · 2025Article
- Proteolytic processing of both RXLR and EER motifs in oomycete effectors.The New phytologist · 2025Article
- Flagellin, a plant-defense-activating protein identified from Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Dieffenbachiae invokes defense response in tobacco.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Interplay of transport vesicles during plant-fungal pathogen interaction.Stress biology · 2023Review
- Divergent sequences of tetraspanins enable plants to specifically recognize microbe-derived extracellular vesicles.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A Whole-Genome Assembly forJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clathrin-mediated endocytosis facilitates the internalization of Magnaporthe oryzae effectors into rice cells.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Uptake of oomycete RXLR effectors into host cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Knock, knock, who is there? Two studies provide new insights into the translocation of pathogen effectors into plant cells.The Plant cell · 2023Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans secretes effector proteins that are delivered inside (cytoplasmic) or can act outside (apoplastic) plant cells to neutralize host immunity. Little is known about how and where effectors are secreted during infection, yet such knowledge is essential to understand and combat crop disease. We used transient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated in planta expression, transformation of P. infestans with fluorescent protein fusions and confocal microscopy to investigate delivery of effectors to plant cells during infection. The cytoplasmic effector Pi04314, expressed as a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) fusion protein with a signal peptide to secrete it from plant cells, did not passively re-enter the cells upon secretion. However, Pi04314-mRFP expressed in P. infestans was translocated from haustoria, which form intimate interactions with plant cells, to accumulate at its sites of action in the host nucleus. The well-characterized apoplastic effector EPIC1, a cysteine protease inhibitor, was also secreted from haustoria. EPIC1 secretion was inhibited by brefeldin A (BFA), demonstrating that it is delivered by conventional Golgi-mediated secretion. By contrast, Pi04314 secretion was insensitive to BFA treatment, indicating that the cytoplasmic effector follows an alternative route for delivery into plant cells. Phytophthora infestans haustoria are thus sites for delivery of both apoplastic and cytoplasmic effectors during infection, following distinct secretion pathways.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.