ReviewPeriodontology 20002017
Revisiting the Page & Schroeder model: the good, the bad and the unknowns in the periodontal host response 40 years later.
Review in Periodontology 2000, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Multiple Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Salivary citrullinated proteins in rheumatoid arthritis and associated periodontal disease.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Periodontitis Among Adults With Osteoarthritis: A Target Trial Emulation.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Salivary and Serum BAFF and TWEAK Levels in Patients with Thalassemia Major and Gingival Inflammation: An Observational Case-Control Study.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Discordance in the 2018 Periodontal Classification: Conceptual Challenges and a Biologically Grounded Framework for Interpretation.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- The Outcome of Intracellular Selenomonas sputigena and its Impact on Gingival Keratinocytes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Macrophage Phenotype Alterations in Treated Periodontitis Patients Suggest a Pro-Inflammatory Bias.Journal of periodontal research · 2026Article
- Bioengineered extracellular vesicles escape lysosomal degradation and deliver Tet-PKM2 for macrophage immunometabolic reprogramming and periodontitis treatment.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Resiniferatoxin During Gingival Tissue Inflammation After Mechanical Pulp Damage in a Murine Experimental Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Single-Cell and Machine Learning Analysis Reveal Novel Inflammatory Macrophage Subtypes and Biomarkers in Periodontitis.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Proteome-Guided Drug Target Discovery for Periodontitis.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Article
- Hyperuricemia is associated with periodontal ligature dysbiosis in a murine model of experimental periodontitis.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Oxygen-Based Adjunct Therapies in Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Within the Framework of Hypoxia and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- BeyondMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- FOXP3+ T Cells-An Emerging Evidence in Periodontitis Therapeutics.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Review
- Single-cell RNA sequencing and Mendelian randomization, revealing molecular mechanisms and causal correlation of immune-related genes in periodontitis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies glutathione metabolism-related genes as diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis.BMC oral health · 2025Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In their classic 1976 paper, Page & Schroeder described the histopathologic events and the types of myeloid cells and lymphocytes involved in the initiation and progression of inflammatory periodontal disease. The staging of periodontal disease pathogenesis as 'initial', 'early', 'established' and 'advanced' lesions productively guided subsequent research in the field and remains fundamentally valid. However, major advances regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the induction, regulation and effector functions of immune and inflammatory responses necessitate a reassessment of their work and its integration with emerging new concepts. We now know that each type of leukocyte is actually represented by functionally distinct subsets with different, or even conflicting, roles in immunity and inflammation. Unexpectedly, neutrophils, traditionally regarded as merely antimicrobial effectors in acute conditions and protagonists of the 'initial' lesion, are currently appreciated for their functional versatility and critical roles in chronic inflammation. Moreover, an entirely new field of study, osteoimmunology, has emerged and sheds light on the impact of immunoinflammatory events on the skeletal system. These developments and the molecular dissection of crosstalk interactions between innate and adaptive leukocytes, as well as between the immune system and local homeostatic mechanisms, offer a more nuanced understanding of the host response in periodontitis, with profound implications for treatment. At the same time, deeper insights have generated new questions, many of which remain unanswered. In this review, 40 years after Page & Schroeder proposed their model, we summarize enduring and emerging advances in periodontal disease pathogenesis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.