Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28756658›Full record

ArticleChemical reviews2017

Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing.

Samuel Clark Ligon, Robert Liska, Jürgen Stampfl, Matthias Gurr, Rolf Mülhaupt

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chemical reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 696 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
696citing papers in PubMed
150.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

696 citing papers in PubMed, 3,535 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. 3D printable tough hydrogel actuators.Materials horizons · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters for the Production of Mouthguards.Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology · 2026
    Article
  6. Metastable Polymers for Circular 3D Printing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Additive Manufacturing of Ordered Polymer Nanostructures.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

636 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Samuel Clark LigonLaboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-7950
Jürgen Stampfl
Matthias GurrH. B. Fuller Deutschland GmbH , An der Roten Bleiche 2-3, Lüneburg D-21335, Germany.
Rolf MülhauptFreiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg D-79104, Germany.
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology · CHUniversity of Freiburg · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) alias 3D printing translates computer-aided design (CAD) virtual 3D models into physical objects. By digital slicing of CAD, 3D scan, or tomography data, AM builds objects layer by layer without the need for molds or machining. AM enables decentralized fabrication of customized objects on demand by exploiting digital information storage and retrieval via the Internet. The ongoing transition from rapid prototyping to rapid manufacturing prompts new challenges for mechanical engineers and materials scientists alike. Because polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM, this Review focuses on polymer processing and the development of polymers and advanced polymer systems specifically for AM. AM techniques covered include vat photopolymerization (stereolithography), powder bed fusion (SLS), material and binder jetting (inkjet and aerosol 3D printing), sheet lamination (LOM), extrusion (FDM, 3D dispensing, 3D fiber deposition, and 3D plotting), and 3D bioprinting. The range of polymers used in AM encompasses thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers, hydrogels, functional polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biological systems. Aspects of polymer design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed. Selected applications demonstrate how polymer-based AM is being exploited in lightweight engineering, architecture, food processing, optics, energy technology, dentistry, drug delivery, and personalized medicine. Unparalleled by metals and ceramics, polymer-based AM plays a key role in the emerging AM of advanced multifunctional and multimaterial systems including living biological systems as well as life-like synthetic systems.

Identifiers

PMID28756658
PMCPMC5553103
OpenAlexW2741181432

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.