ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2018
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Systemically Administered Antileishmanial Drugs.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visceral Leishmaniasis in pregnancy and vertical transmission: A systematic literature review on the therapeutic orphans.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Gender disparity in cases enrolled in clinical trials of visceral leishmaniasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Montelukast Ameliorates Antimony-Induced Neurotoxicity Accompanied by Alterations in Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Mitochondrial Function.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Repurposing of Clomiphene Citrate and Its Antileishmanial and Antifungal Activities:Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Identification of a Benzenesulfonylpiperazine Derivative With In Vivo Efficacy Against Visceral Leishmaniasis.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Article
- Differential Susceptibility to Antimony in Strains and Clinical Isolates ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Inhibitory Activity of LDT10 and LDT119, New Saturated Cardanols, AgainstPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate treatment on boxerFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Multilevel Regulation of Membrane Proteins in Response to Metal and Metalloid Stress: A Lesson from Yeast.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Diversity and Plasticity of Virulent Characteristics ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Effect of Clindamycin on Intestinal Microbiome and Miltefosine Pharmacology in Hamsters Infected withAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Immunoinformatics Approach to Design a Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Vaccines · 2023Article
- An Overview on Leishmaniasis in Romania: Diagnosis and Therapeutics.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- Current leishmaniasis drug discovery.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2022Review
- Polyene Antibiotics Physical Chemistry and Their Effect on Lipid Membranes; Impacting Biological Processes and Medical Applications.Membranes · 2022Review
- In vitro efficacy of polymer coated miltefosine drug against leishmania tropica.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Article
- Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Unravelling the antifungal and antiprotozoal activities and LC-MS/MS quantification of steroidal saponins isolated fromRSC advances · 2022Article
- Different Drugs, Same End: Ultrastructural Hallmarks of Autophagy in Pathogenic Protozoa.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Miltefosine and Benznidazole Combination Improve Anti-Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This review describes the pharmacokinetic properties of the systemically administered antileishmanial drugs pentavalent antimony, paromomycin, pentamidine, miltefosine and amphotericin B (AMB), including their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and potential drug-drug interactions. This overview provides an understanding of their clinical pharmacokinetics, which could assist in rationalising and optimising treatment regimens, especially in combining multiple antileishmanial drugs in an attempt to increase efficacy and shorten treatment duration. Pentavalent antimony pharmacokinetics are characterised by rapid renal excretion of unchanged drug and a long terminal half-life, potentially due to intracellular conversion to trivalent antimony. Pentamidine is the only antileishmanial drug metabolised by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Paromomycin is excreted by the kidneys unchanged and is eliminated fastest of all antileishmanial drugs. Miltefosine pharmacokinetics are characterized by a long terminal half-life and extensive accumulation during treatment. AMB pharmacokinetics differ per drug formulation, with a fast renal and faecal excretion of AMB deoxylate but a much slower clearance of liposomal AMB resulting in an approximately ten-fold higher exposure. AMB and pentamidine pharmacokinetics have never been evaluated in leishmaniasis patients. Studies linking exposure to effect would be required to define target exposure levels in dose optimisation but have only been performed for miltefosine. Limited research has been conducted on exposure at the drug's site of action, such as skin exposure in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients after systemic administration. Pharmacokinetic data on special patient populations such as HIV co-infected patients are mostly lacking. More research in these areas will help improve clinical outcomes by informed dosing and combination of drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.