ArticleBMC infectious diseases2017
Syphilis and HIV prevalence and associated factors to their co-infection, hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses prevalence among female sex workers in Rwanda.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of syphilis among female sex workers in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- High rates of Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or Trichomonas vaginalis co-infection in people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- [Risk factors for the acquisition of Sexually Transmitted Infections in sex workers: a systematic review].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of HIV among female sex workers in Eastern and Southern Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- "I have the vaccine in my body": perceptions of female sex workers after enrolling in a phase IIb HIV vaccine and pre-exposure prophylaxis trial in urban Tanzania.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus,BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- Laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infections and associated factors among street-based female sex workers in Southwest Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Barriers facilitators and needs of female sex workers in Arak to access sexual health services a qualitative study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence and associated factors for HIV, HBV and syphilis coinfections among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Tanzania.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia: findings from a multilevel analysis of a national bio-behavioral survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Determinants of sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Ethiopia: a count regression model approach.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Syphilis and Associated Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Magnitude and Determinants of Syphilis and HIV Co-Infection Among Female Sex Workers in Ethiopia: Evidence from Respondent Driven Samples, 2019-2020.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Factors associated with HIV/syphilis co-infection initiating of antiretroviral therapy.Revista de saude publica · 2022Article
- Limited syphilis testing for key populations in Zimbabwe: A silent public health threat.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Unmet Need for Contraception Among Female Sex Workers Initiating Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention During Kenya's National Scale-Up: Results From a Programmatic Surveillance Study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), syphilis, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and share modes of transmission. These infections are generally more prevalent among female sex workers (FSWs).
methodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted among female sex workers (FSWs) in Rwanda in 2015. Venue-Day-Time (VDT) sampling method was used in recruiting participants. HIV, syphilis, HBV, and HCV testing were performed. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models were computed.
resultsIn total, 1978 FSWs were recruited. The majority (58.5%) was aged between 20 and 29 years old. Up to 63.9% of FSWs were single, 62.3% attained primary school, and 68.0% had no additional occupation beside sex work. Almost all FSWs (81.2%) had children. The majority of FSWs (68.4%) were venue-based, and most (53.5%) had spent less than five years in sex work. The overall prevalence of syphilis was 51.1%; it was 2.5% for HBV, 1.4% for HCV, 42.9% for HIV and 27.4% for syphilis/HIV co-infection. The prevalence of syphilis, HIV, and syphilis + HIV co-infection was increasing with age and decreasing with the level of education. A positive association with syphilis/HIV co-infection was found in: 25 years and older (aOR = 1.82 [95% CI:1.33-2.50]), having had a genital sore in the last 12 months (aOR = 1.34 [95% CI:1.05-1.71]), and having HBsAg-positive test (aOR = 2.09 [1.08-4.08]).
conclusionThe prevalence of HIV and syphilis infections and HIV/syphilis co-infection are very high among FSWs in Rwanda. A strong, specific prevention program for FSWs and to avert HIV infection and other STIs transmission to their clients is needed.
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