SynthesisNutrients2017
Whole Grain Intake and Glycaemic Control in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cereal Fibers and Satiety: A Systematic Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Total and specific potato intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three US cohort studies and a substitution meta-analysis of prospective cohorts.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of whole grains on glycemic control: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.Nutrition journal · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Regular Consumption of Reformulated Breads on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic control: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Impact of Microbial Composition on Postprandial Glycaemia and Lipidaemia: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Whole Grain Intake, Compared with Refined Grain, on Appetite and Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Whole-Grain Consumption Does Not Affect Obesity Measures: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Role of diet in type 2 diabetes incidence: umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Pooled it
- Mediterranean Diet Pyramid: A Proposal for Italian People. A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies to Derive Serving Sizes.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies on the effectiveness of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Nutrition reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Postprandial Effects of Four Test Meals Containing Wholegrain Rye or Refined Wheat Foods on Circulating Incretins, Ghrelin, Glucose, and Inflammatory Markers.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Trial
- The acute effects of variations in the flour composition of crackers on the glycemic index and glycemic responses in healthy adults.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Trial
- Fresh-Cooked but Not Cold-Stored Millet Exhibited Remarkable Second Meal Effect Independent of Resistant Starch: A Randomized Crossover Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Bran-Enriched Fractions from Blue and Purple Wheat Improve Antioxidant Potential and Nutritional Profile.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Metabolic and hormonal effects of whole grains of rye, oats and wheat in dog food.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- A study on the effects of a whole grain diet combined with short duration exercise on postprandial glucose levels in overweight and obese adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Racial/ethnic-derived maternal diets predict birth outcomes better than a diet derived from a combined sample among Hispanic/Latina and non-Hispanic White pregnant individuals in the ECHO Cohort.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundsThere is growing evidence from both observational and intervention studies that Whole Grain (WG) cereals exert beneficial effects on human health, especially on the metabolic profile. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) to assess the acute and medium/long-term effect of WG foods on glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals.
methodsA search for all the published RCT on the effect of WG food intake on glycaemic and insulin response was performed up to December 2016. Effect size consisted of mean difference (MD) and 95% CI between the outcomes of intervention and the control groups using the generic inverse-variance random effects model.
resultsThe meta-analysis of the 14 studies testing the acute effects of WG foods showed significant reductions of the post-prandial values of the glucose iAUC (0-120 min) by -29.71 mmol min/L (95% CI: -43.57, -15.85 mmol min/L), the insulin iAUC (0-120 min) by -2.01 nmol min/L (95% CI: -2.88, -1.14 nmol min/L), and the maximal glucose and insulin response. In 16 medium- and long-term RCTs, effects of WG foods on fasting glucose and insulin and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance values were not significant.
conclusionsThe consumption of WG foods is able to improve acutely the postprandial glucose and insulin homeostasis compared to similar refined foods in healthy subjects. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term effects and the biological mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.