ArticlePloS one2017
Collaborative update of a rule-based expert system for HIV-1 genotypic resistance test interpretation.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03696160 (An Open-Label, Multi-Centre, Randomised Study to Investigate Integrase Inhibitor Versus Boosted Protease Inhibitor Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients With Advanced HIV Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-Label, Multi-Centre, Randomised Study to Investigate Integrase Inhibitor Versus Boosted Protease Inhibitor Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients With Advanced HIV Disease
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dibenzoacridinium derivatives: a new class of G-quadruplex ligands with anti-HIV-1 properties.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Machine learning quantifies immuno-virological interactions: a TRIPOD+AI compliant prediction model for HIV-1 salvage therapy outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Drug resistance mutations among people living with HIV and ART failure in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2025Article
- Incorporating temporal dynamics of mutations to enhance the prediction capability of antiretroviral therapy's outcome for HIV-1.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Archived rilpivirine-associated resistance mutations among ART-naive and virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 subtype C in Botswana: implications for cabotegravir/rilpivirine use.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Highly Ambiguous HIV-1 Pol Positions Encoding Multiple Amino Acids Usually Result from Antiviral or Immune Selection Pressure.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2023Article
- We should not stop considering HIV drug resistance testing at failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy.The lancet. HIV · 2023Review
- Genotypic correlates of resistance to the HIV-1 strand transfer integrase inhibitor cabotegravir.Antiviral research · 2022Article
- Sierra SARS-CoV-2 sequence and antiviral resistance analysis program.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2022Article
- HIV-1 Drug Resistance Assay Using Ion Torrent Next Generation Sequencing and On-Instrument End-to-End Analysis Software.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors mutational viral load in HIV infected pregnant women with transmitted drug resistance in Argentina.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with Support for Adolescent Access to Contraception Among Mexican Catholic Parents.Journal of religion and health · 2021Article
- Virological Failure and Acquired Genotypic Resistance Associated With Contemporary Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- A Robotic Cognitive Architecture for Slope and Dam Inspections.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Discordance between Etravirine Phenotype and Genotype-Based Predicted Phenotype for Subtype C HIV-1 from First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Failures in South Africa.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Prospective Evaluation of the Vela Diagnostics Next-Generation Sequencing Platform for HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Testing.The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD · 2019Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Decision Support: a Focused Literature Survey.Yearbook of medical informatics · 2019Review
- Dolutegravir Monotherapy of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques Selects for Several Patterns of Resistance Mutations with Variable Virological Outcomes.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance: 2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHIV-1 genotypic resistance test (GRT) interpretation systems (IS) require updates as new studies on HIV-1 drug resistance are published and as treatment guidelines evolve.
methodsAn expert panel was created to provide recommendations for the update of the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database (HIVDB) GRT-IS. The panel was polled on the ARVs to be included in a GRT report, and the drug-resistance interpretations associated with 160 drug-resistance mutation (DRM) pattern-ARV combinations. The DRM pattern-ARV combinations included 52 nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI) DRM pattern-ARV combinations (13 patterns x 4 NRTIs), 27 nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI) DRM pattern-ARV combinations (9 patterns x 3 NNRTIs), 39 protease inhibitor (PI) DRM pattern-ARV combinations (13 patterns x 3 PIs) and 42 integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) DRM pattern-ARV combinations (14 patterns x 3 INSTIs).
resultsThere was universal agreement that a GRT report should include the NRTIs lamivudine, abacavir, zidovudine, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; the NNRTIs efavirenz, etravirine, nevirapine, and rilpivirine; the PIs atazanavir/r, darunavir/r, and lopinavir/r (with "/r" indicating pharmacological boosting with ritonavir or cobicistat); and the INSTIs dolutegravir, elvitegravir, and raltegravir. There was a range of opinion as to whether the NRTIs stavudine and didanosine and the PIs nelfinavir, indinavir/r, saquinavir/r, fosamprenavir/r, and tipranavir/r should be included. The expert panel members provided highly concordant DRM pattern-ARV interpretations with only 6% of NRTI, 6% of NNRTI, 5% of PI, and 3% of INSTI individual expert interpretations differing from the expert panel median by more than one resistance level. The expert panel median differed from the HIVDB 7.0 GRT-IS for 20 (12.5%) of the 160 DRM pattern-ARV combinations including 12 NRTI, two NNRTI, and six INSTI pattern-ARV combinations. Eighteen of these differences were updated in HIVDB 8.1 GRT-IS to reflect the expert panel median. Additionally, HIVDB users are now provided with the option to exclude those ARVs not considered to be universally required.
conclusionsThe HIVDB GRT-IS was updated through a collaborative process to reflect changes in HIV drug resistance knowledge, treatment guidelines, and expert opinion. Such a process broadens consensus among experts and identifies areas requiring further study.
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