Trial reportTranslational stroke research2017
Infections Up to 76 Days After Stroke Increase Disability and Death.
Trial report in Translational stroke research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00989716 (A Prospective, Collaborative, International, Multicentre, Randomised, Parallel-group, Single and Outcome Blinded, Controlled, Factorial Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Treatment With Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate, a Nitric Oxide Donor, and of Continuing or Stopping Temporarily Pre-stroke Antihypertensive Therapy, in Patients With Acute Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective, Collaborative, International, Multicentre, Randomised, Parallel-group, Single and Outcome Blinded, Controlled, Factorial Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Treatment With Transdermal Glyceryl Trinitrate, a Nitric Oxide Donor, and of Continuing or Stopping Temporarily Pre-stroke Antihypertensive Therapy, in Patients With Acute Stroke
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- State of the science in inflammation and stroke recovery: A systematic review.Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Models Containing the Braden Scale Predict Activities of Daily Living Improvement in Post-Stroke Hemiplegia: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026Article
- Association of Clinical, Radiological, and Procedural Characteristics with NIHSS at Discharge and 90-Day Modified Rankin Scale Outcomes in Individuals with Stroke Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical profile of adult stroke patients in Angola: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The early prognostic value of the 1-4-day BCM/PA trend after admission in neurocritical patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Stroke and myocardial infarction induce neutrophil extracellular trap release disrupting lymphoid organ structure and immunoglobulin secretion.Nature cardiovascular research · 2024Article
- Identifying profiles of stroke patients benefitting from additional training: a latent class analysis approach.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2024Observational
- Readmission and mortality during the first year after an acute stroke: A prospective cohort study from Cameroon.PloS one · 2024Article
- Seizure prediction in stroke survivors who experienced an infection at skilled nursing facilities-a machine learning approach.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Drivers of Chronic Pathology Following Ischemic Stroke: A Descriptive Review.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- From Admission to Discharge: Predicting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Progression in Stroke Patients Using Biomarkers and Explainable Machine Learning.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Incidence, characteristics and outcome of post-stroke recrudescence in the Chinese population: a single-centre observational study.BMJ open · 2023Observational
- The gastrointestinal-brain-microbiota axis: a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Treatment with IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulins enhances clearance of stroke-associated bacterial lung infection.Immunology · 2022Article
- New Insights into Stroke Prevention and Treatment: Gut Microbiome.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as a Marker and Mediator of Stroke Prognosis: Observational and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Neurology · 2022Article
- Temporal Profile of Pneumonia After Stroke.Stroke · 2022Article
- Effect of Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Modulation on the Peripheral Immune Response in Central Nervous System Injury-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 12 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Early infection after stroke is associated with a poor outcome. We aimed to determine whether delayed infections (up to 76 days post-stroke) are associated with poor outcome at 90 days. Data came from the international Efficacy of Nitric Oxide Stroke (ENOS, ISRCTN99414122) trial. Post hoc data on infections were obtained from serious adverse events reports between 1 and 76 days following stroke in this large cohort of patients. Regression models accounting for baseline covariates were used to analyse fatalities and functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index, Euro-Qol-5D) at 90 days, in patients with infection compared to those without infection. Of 4011 patients, 242 (6.0%) developed one or more serious infections. Infections were associated with an increased risk of death (p < 0.001) and an increased likelihood of dependency (measured by mRS) compared to those of all other patients (p < 0.001). This remained when only surviving patients were analysed, indicating that the worsening of functional outcome is not due to mortality (p < 0.001). In addition, the timing of the infection after stroke did not alter its detrimental association with fatality (p = 0.14) or functional outcome (p = 0.47). In conclusion, severe post-stroke infections, whether occurring early or late after stroke, are associated with an increased risk of death and poorer functional outcome, independent of differences in baseline characteristics or treatment. Not only are strategies needed for reducing the risk of infection immediately after stroke, but also during the first 3 months following a stroke. This study is registered: ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN99414122, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT00989716.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.