ArticlePloS one2017
Pancreatic cancer cell/fibroblast co-culture induces M2 like macrophages that influence therapeutic response in a 3D model.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune-stromal interactions at the crossroads of tissue injury, repair, and tumor progression.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Review
- Nanomaterials targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts to overcome stromal barriers in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Fungal immunomodulatory proteins skew macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory and tumour inhibitory phenotype.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Protocol for analyzing immune cell infiltration in 3D pancreatic heterotypic spheroids composed of tumor cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Functionalized Biomaterials in the Investigation of the Effects of Fluid Shear Forces in the Immune Regulation of Cancer Progression and Metastasis.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Modeling CAF-tumor interactions to overcome therapy resistance.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- CCR-CCL axes as key upstream influencers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: CCR2-CCL2, CCR5-CCL5, CCR4-CCL17/22, CCR6-CCL20, CCR7-CCL19/21.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Co-culture with fibroblasts in stiff 3D scaffolds increases CD54 and CD140a expression on macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Bioengineering 3D Pancreatic Cancer Models with Fibrotic Stroma for In Vitro Cancer Modeling.Micromachines · 2025Review
- Cancer‑associated fibroblasts in human malignancies, with a particular emphasis on sarcomas (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Article
- Comparative analysis of 3D-culture techniques for multicellular colorectal tumour spheroids and development of a novel SW48 3D-model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmacological Vitamin C-induced high HJournal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- TGF-β Signaling Loop in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Activates Fibroblasts and Increases Tumor Cell Aggressiveness.Cancers · 2024Article
- Cold and hot tumors: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Article
- The use of organoids in creating immune microenvironments and treating gynecological tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- A 3D Bio-Printed-Based Model for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Distance-depending transcriptome changes of pancreatic stellate cells in paracrine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma co-culture models.Scientific reports · 2024Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most challenging solid tumors to treat with a high unmet medical need as patients poorly respond to standard-of-care-therapies. Prominent desmoplastic reaction involving cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their cross-talk play a significant role in tumor immune escape and progression. To identify the key cellular mechanisms induce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, we established 3D co-culture model with pancreatic cancer cells, CAFs and monocytes. Using this model, we analyzed the influence of tumor cells and fibroblasts on monocytes and their immune suppressive phenotype. Phenotypic characterization of the monocytes after 3D co-culture with tumor/fibroblast spheroids was performed by analyzing the expression of defined cell surface markers and soluble factors. Functionality of these monocytes and their ability to influence T cell phenotype and proliferation was investigated. 3D co-culture of monocytes with pancreatic cancer cells and fibroblasts induced the production of immunosuppressive cytokines which are known to promote polarization of M2 like macrophages and myeloid derived suppressive cells (MDSCs). These co-culture spheroid polarized monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) were poorly differentiated and had an M2 phenotype. The immunosuppressive function of these co-culture spheroids polarized MDMs was demonstrated by their ability to inhibit CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation in vitro, which we could partially reverse by 3D co-culture spheroid treatment with therapeutic molecules that are able to re-activated spheroid polarized MDMs or block immune suppressive factors such as Arginase-I.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.