ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2017
Expression of intra- and extracellular granzymes in patients with typhoid fever.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intracellular expression of granzymes A, B, K and M in blood lymphocyte subsets of critically ill patients with or without sepsis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Trial
- Circulating granzyme A is elevated within the dysregulated host response and associates with mortality in abdominal sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Distinct cell death pathways induced by granzymes collectively protect against intestinal Salmonella infection.Mucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Selective Detection of Active Extracellular Granzyme A by Using a Novel Fluorescent Immunoprobe with Application to Inflammatory Diseases.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Identification ofBreast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2023Article
- Host restriction, pathogenesis and chronic carriage of typhoidal Salmonella.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Granzyme A inhibition reduces inflammation and increases survival during abdominal sepsis.Theranostics · 2021Article
- Altered Patterns of Compositional and Functional Disruption of the Gut Microbiota in Typhoid Fever and Nontyphoidal Febrile Illness.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Granzyme B is correlated with clinical outcome after PD-1 blockade in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Modulation of Inflammation by Extracellular Granzyme A.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Granzyme A in Chikungunya and Other Arboviral Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Noninvasive vaccination against infectious diseases.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTyphoid fever, caused by the intracellular pathogen Salmonella (S.) enterica serovar Typhi, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Granzymes are serine proteases promoting cytotoxic lymphocytes mediated eradication of intracellular pathogens via the induction of cell death and which can also play a role in inflammation. We aimed to characterize the expression of extracellular and intracellular granzymes in patients with typhoid fever and whether the extracellular levels of granzyme correlated with IFN-γ release. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL
findingsWe analyzed soluble protein levels of extracellular granzyme A and B in healthy volunteers and patients with confirmed S. Typhi infection on admission and day of discharge, and investigated whether this correlated with interferon (IFN)-γ release, a cytokine significantly expressed in typhoid fever. The intracellular expression of granzyme A, B and K in subsets of lymphocytic cells was determined using flow cytometry. Patients demonstrated a marked increase of extracellular granzyme A and B in acute phase plasma and a correlation of both granzymes with IFN-γ release. In patients, lower plasma levels of granzyme B, but not granzyme A, were found at day of discharge compared to admission, indicating an association of granzyme B with stage of disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of typhoid fever patients had a higher percentage of lymphocytic cells expressing intracellular granzyme A and granzyme B, but not granzyme K, compared to controls.
conclusionThe marked increase observed in extra- and intracellular levels of granzyme expression in patients with typhoid fever, and the correlation with stage of disease, suggests a role for granzymes in the host response to this disease.
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