ArticleAIDS (London, England)2017
HIV drug resistance in infants increases with changing prevention of mother-to-child transmission regimens.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing HIV drug resistance in cases of vertical transmission in the VESTED randomized antiretroviral treatment trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2024Trial
- Patterns of pretreatment drug resistance mutations of very early diagnosed and treated infants in Botswana.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Trial
- Association between infant post-natal prophylaxis regimens and pretreatment HIV drug resistance in infected infants.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Children and Implications for Pediatric Treatment Strategies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Optimizing antiretroviral therapy for children living with HIV: Experience from an observational cohort in Lesotho.PloS one · 2023Observational
- HIV Drug Resistance in Children and Adolescents: Always a Challenge?Current epidemiology reports · 2021Review
- High nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance levels in HIV-1-infected Zambian mother-infant pairs.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Article
- The urgent need for more potent antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries to achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90 and complete eradication of AIDS by 2030.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Article
- High Levels of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Children Who Acquired HIV Infection Through Mother to Child Transmission in the Era of Option B+, Haiti, 2013 to 2014.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2019Article
- What is new in perinatal HIV prevention?Current opinion in pediatrics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) prevalence in Zambian infants upon diagnosis, and to determine how changing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) drug regimens affect drug resistance.
designDried blood spot (DBS) samples from infants in the Lusaka District of Zambia, obtained during routine diagnostic screening, were collected during four different years representing three different PMTCT drug treatment regimens.
methodsDNA extracted from dried blood spot samples was used to sequence a 1493 bp region of the reverse transcriptase gene. Sequences were analyzed via the Stanford HIVDRdatabase (http://hivdb.standford.edu) to screen for resistance mutations.
resultsHIVDR in infants increased from 21.5 in 2007/2009 to 40.2% in 2014. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance increased steadily over the sampling period, whereas nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance and dual class resistance both increased more than threefold in 2014. Analysis of drug resistance scores in each group revealed increasing strength of resistance over time. In 2014, children with reported PMTCT exposure, defined as infant prophylaxis and/or maternal treatment, showed a higher prevalence and strength of resistance compared to those with no reported exposure.
conclusionHIVDR is on the rise in Zambia and presents a serious problem for the successful lifelong treatment of HIV-infected children. PMTCT affects both the prevalence and strength of resistance and further research is needed to determine how to mitigate its role leading to resistance.
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