ReviewExpert review of clinical immunology2017
Single versus combined immunoregulatory approach using PD-1 and CTLA-4 modulators in controlling sepsis.
Review in Expert review of clinical immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- The immunology of sepsis: translating new insights into clinical practice.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Inhalable targeted CD8 + T cell nanoparticles loaded ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 alleviate acute lung injury.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Immunodynamic Disruption in Sepsis: Mechanisms and Strategies for Personalized Immunomodulation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Review
- Study on the potential diagnostic value of metabolomics changes in different biological fluids for aspiration pneumonia.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cell homing and activation is a signature of neonatal sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- TREM-1 as a potential prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is a potent adjuvant in treatment of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Relationship Between the Expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T Lymphocytes and the Severity and Prognosis of Sepsis.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Artesunate interacts with the vitamin D receptor to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression in a mouse model via enhancing autophagy.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- Immune Checkpoints: Novel Therapeutic Targets to Attenuate Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Targeting Immune Cell Checkpoints during Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSepsis is a disease process characterized by an extreme inflammatory response followed by a period of severe immunosuppression. In recent years, there has been improved survival in the initial immune response during systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and compensatory anti-inflammatory response, yet is mostly unchanged with 18-30% mortality during the later stage of sepsis despite numerous Phase 3 clinical trials. Areas covered: This review article presents a critical evaluation of the most promising newer studies aimed at improving the immunosuppressive stage of sepsis. Administration of DHEA/AED/AET show promise in improving survival. Blockade of signaling pathways for PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4, and partial blockade of TREM-1 signaling, and modification to sTREM-1 and the JAK/STAT pathway are promising methods of restoring host immune response and improving survival. While there has been significant progress, currently no findings have been translated into effective clinical interventions. Expert commentary: Clinical success by immunomodulation with individual immune mediator is encouraging and should progress to evaluating combined methods of immunoregulation. Since most of the animal studies do not reproduce human sepsis, development of better animal models and moving toward human studies for intervention will lead to the most beneficial findings in translational science.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.