ArticlePloS one2017
Cadmium exposure and endometrial cancer risk: A large midwestern U.S. population-based case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental endocrine disruptors and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cadmium and polychlorinated biphenyls, with emerging evidence on PFAS, phthalates, and bisphenols.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Environmental endocrine disruptors and endometrial cancer: a systematic review of epidemiological studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary omega-3 fatty acids and endometrial cancer risk in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium: An individual-participant meta-analysis.Gynecologic oncology · 2023Pooled it
- The Association Between Cadmium Exposure and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Comprehensive Updated Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Role of Heavy Metals in the Biology of Female Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd)-Induced Malignancy.Biological trace element research · 2025Review
- Heavy metal burden in the urine and cancer risk.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive chemical profiling and human health risk assessment of potentially toxic heavy metals in some traditional herbal concoctions from Botswana.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Micro- and Macronutrients in Endometrial Cancer-From Metallomic Analysis to Improvements in Treatment Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Cadmium toxicity and autophagy: a review.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Review
- The dynamic face of cadmium-induced Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms, emerging trends, and future directions.Current research in toxicology · 2024Review
- Assessment of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) Blood Concentration on the Risk of Endometrial Cancer.Biology · 2023Article
- Cadmium, Lead, Chronic Physiological Stress and Endometrial Cancer: How Environmental Policy Can Alter the Exposure of At-Risk Women in the United States.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and the less explored role of trace elements.Biological trace element research · 2023Review
- Noise, Air, and Heavy Metal Pollution as Risk Factors for Endothelial Dysfunction.European cardiology · 2023Review
- The Role of Lead and Cadmium in Gynecological Malignancies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- An Assessment of Metallothionein-Cadmium Binding in Rat Uterus after Subchronic Exposure Using a Long-Term Observation Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cervical and Endometrial Cancer Incidence in the Female Population from the Bryansk Region Living in Conditions of Chemical, Radioactive and Combined Environmental Contamination (2000-2020).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- SWAN pathway-network identification of common aneuploidy-based oncogenic drivers.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Health significant alarms of toxic carcinogenic risk consumption of blood meal metals contamination in poultry at a gold mining neighborhood, northern Thailand.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Estrogen-mimicking chemicals, such as cadmium, may be associated with increased susceptibility to hormone-dependent cancers, though supporting data are sparse, particularly for endometrial cancer. The Health and Environmental Exposure Research (HEER) study worked with the Arkansas Central Cancer Registry, Iowa Cancer Registry and Missouri Cancer Registry to obtain names of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer who were willing to be contacted for participation in our case control study. Voter registration lists from Iowa and Missouri were used to randomly select similarly aged women as represented in the case population. Participants were interviewed by telephone to obtain information on known or suspected endometrial risk factors. Urine kits were sent to participants for home collection and returned for analysis. Our case-control study consisted of 631 incident cases of endometrial cancer diagnosed from January 2010 to October 2012 and 879 age-matched population-based controls, ages 18-81 years (mean age 65 years). We quantified cadmium amounts in urine and standardized these values through creatinine adjustment. Using data from all survey completers, we developed a multivariable model for endometrial cancer. Creatinine-adjusted cadmium concentration was added to this model. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for endometrial cancer were calculated. After multivariable adjustment, higher creatinine-adjusted cadmium exposure was associated with a statistically significant increase of endometrial cancer risk (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.44). Our results provide evidence that cadmium may increase the risk of endometrial cancer, possibly through estrogenic effects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.