ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2017
Role of TIM-4 in exosome-dependent entry of HIV-1 into human immune cells.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Perspective on Human Milk Derived Vesicles and Their Potential Therapeutic Use: A Scoping Review.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Engineering.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Milk-Derived EVs from Different Animal Sources: An Overview on Their Detection, Isolation and Pleiotropic Exerted Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- SHIV.D Infection Alters Production and Protein Composition of Myeloid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Comparative Examination of Feline Coronavirus and Canine Coronavirus Effects on Extracellular Vesicles Acquired from A-72 Canine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Exosome-Mediated Antigen Delivery: Unveiling Novel Strategies in Viral Infection Control and Vaccine Design.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Cell Type-Specific Extracellular Vesicles and Their Impact on Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Mode of Viral Propagation Exploited by Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viruses.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Human adenovirus type 3 restores pharmacologically inhibited exosomal cargo in lung carcinoma cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- The extracellular vesicles in HIV infection and progression: mechanisms, and theranostic implications.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- TIM proteins and microRNAs: distinct impact and promising interactions on transplantation immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The complex role of extracellular vesicles in HIV infection.BMB reports · 2023Review
- Selective pharmacological inhibition alters human carcinoma lung cell-derived extracellular vesicle formation.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Canine Coronavirus Infection Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The Roles of Exosomal Proteins: Classification, Function, and Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Protein and Lipid Content of Milk Extracellular Vesicles: A Comparative Overview.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Function and characteristics of TIM‑4 in immune regulation and disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Exosomal transmission of viruses, a two-edged biological sword.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- The multiple functions of miR-574-5p in the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Drugging the efferocytosis process: concepts and opportunities.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes, 30-200 nm nanostructures secreted from donor cells and internalized by recipient cells, can play an important role in the cellular entry of some viruses. These microvesicles are actively secreted into various body fluids, including blood, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and breast milk. We successfully isolated exosomes from human breast milk and plasma. The size and concentration of purified exosomes were measured by nanoparticle tracking, while Western blotting confirmed the presence of the exosomal-associated proteins CD9 and CD63, clathrin, and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin proteins (TIMs). Through viral infection assays, we determined that HIV-1 utilizes an exosome-dependent mechanism for entry into human immune cells. The virus contains high amounts of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and may bind PtdSer receptors, such as TIMs. This mechanism is supported by our findings that exosomes from multiple sources increased HIV-1 entry into T cells and macrophages, and viral entry was potently blocked with anti-TIM-4 antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.