ArticleThe American journal of pathology2017
A Proinflammatory Function of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium as a Novel Target for Reducing Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathways in age-related eye disease: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Current Perspectives of TLR2 Signalling in the Retina.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Induction, amplification, and propagation of diabetic retinopathy-associated inflammatory cytokines between human retinal microvascular endothelial and Müller cells and in the mouse retina.Cellular signalling · 2024Article
- The retinal pigment epithelium: Functions and roles in ocular diseases.Fundamental research · 2024Review
- JR5558 mice are a reliable model to investigate subretinal fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Overcoming Treatment Challenges in Posterior Segment Diseases with Biodegradable Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Characterization and identification of measurable endpoints in a mouse model featuring age-related retinal pathologies: a platform to test therapies.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2022Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealing changes in retinal cell subpopulation levels and the pathways involved in diabetic retinopathy.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Dihydroartemisinin Inhibits Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Neovascular AMD.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- A Trojan horse biomimetic delivery system using mesenchymal stem cells for HIF-1α siRNA-loaded nanoparticles on retinal pigment epithelial cells under hypoxia environment.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Toll-Like Receptor Signalling Pathways and the Pathogenesis of Retinal Diseases.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Expressed Toll-like Receptors and Their Potential Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Incomplete response to Anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular AMD: Exploring disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2021Review
- Treatment of Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization via RUNX1 Inhibition.The American journal of pathology · 2021Article
- Therapeutic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine formulation on experimental choroidal neovascularization in mouse.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Immunological Aspects of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Immunometabolic modulation of retinal inflammation by CD36 ligand.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Damage-associated molecular pattern recognition is required for induction of retinal neuroprotective pathways in a sex-dependent manner.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Current treatments for choroidal neovascularization, a major cause of blindness for patients with age-related macular degeneration, treat symptoms but not the underlying causes of the disease. Inflammation has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization. We examined the inflammatory role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in age-related macular degeneration. TLR2 was robustly expressed by the retinal pigment epithelium in mouse and human eyes, both normal and with macular degeneration/choroidal neovascularization. Nuclear localization of NF-κB, a major downstream target of TLR2 signaling, was detected in the retinal pigment epithelium of human eyes, particularly in eyes with advanced stages of age-related macular degeneration. TLR2 antagonism effectively suppressed initiation and growth of spontaneous choroidal neovascularization in a mouse model, and the combination of anti-TLR2 and antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 yielded an additive therapeutic effect on both area and number of spontaneous choroidal neovascularization lesions. Finally, in primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium cells, ligand binding to TLR2 induced robust expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and end products of lipid oxidation had a synergistic effect on TLR2 activation. Our data illustrate a functional role for TLR2 in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization, likely by promoting inflammation of the retinal pigment epithelium, and validate TLR2 as a novel therapeutic target for reducing choroidal neovascularization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.