ArticleOptometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry2017
Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity Development in Children: Sweep Visually Evoked Potential and Psychophysics.
Article in Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- VEP estimation of visual acuity: a systematic review.Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology · 2021Pooled it
- Defocus incorporated multiple segment spectacle lenses versus orthokeratology lenses for myopia control: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Assessing the reliability of non-cycloplegic refraction in children: a machine learning approach based on non-cycloplegic parameters.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The Waterloo Differential Acuity Test (WatDAT)-Testability and normative data.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Surgical Realignment Reverses Contrast Sensitivity Deficits in Children With Intermittent Exotropia: One-Year Results of a Cohort Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Age-related changes in pupil dynamics and task modulation across the healthy lifespan.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Ophthalmologic Phenotype-Genotype Correlations in Patients With Oculocutaneous Albinism Followed in a Reference Center.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Observational
- Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity in Preterm and Full-Term Children Using a Novel Digital Test.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Ophthalmological Manifestations of Oculocutaneous and Ocular Albinism: Current Perspectives.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Visual segmentation of complex naturalistic structures in an infant eye-tracking search task.PloS one · 2022Article
- Effect of Age and Refractive Error on Local and Global Visual Perception in Chinese Children and Adolescents.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Development of the spatial contrast sensitivity function (CSF) during childhood: Analysis of previous findings and new psychophysical data.Journal of vision · 2020Article
- Assessment of Human Visual Acuity Using Visual Evoked Potential: A Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- The development of human visual cortex and clinical implications.Eye and brain · 2018Review
- Unveiling Visual Physiology and Steady-State Evoked Potentials using Low-Cost and Transferable Electroencephalography for Evaluating Neuronal Activation.International journal of psychological researchArticle
- Visual and cognitive processes contribute to age-related improvements in visual selective attention.Child developmentArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the development of visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity in children as measured with objective (sweep visually evoked potential) and subjective, psychophysical techniques, including signal detection theory (SDT), which attempts to control for differences in criterion or behavior between adults and children. Furthermore, this study examines the possibility of applying SDT methods with children.
methodsVisual acuity and contrast thresholds were measured in 12 children 6 to 7 years old, 10 children 8 to 9 years old, 10 children 10 to 12 years old, and 16 adults. For sweep visually evoked potential measurements, spatial frequency was swept from 1 to 40 cpd to measure VA, and contrast of sine-wave gratings (1 or 8 cpd) was swept from 0.33 to 30% to measure contrast thresholds. For psychophysical measurements, VA and contrast thresholds (1 or 8 cpd) were measured using a temporal two-alternative forced-choice staircase procedure and also with a yes-no SDT procedure. Optotype (logMAR [log of the minimum angle of resolution]) VA was also measured.
resultsThe results of the various procedures were in agreement showing that there are age-related changes in threshold values and logMAR VA after the age of 6 years and that these visual functions do not become adult-like until the age of 8 to 9 years at the earliest. It was also found that children can participate in SDT procedures and do show differences in criterion compared with adults in psychophysical testing.
conclusionsThese findings confirm a slightly later development of VA and contrast sensitivity (8 years or older) and indicate the importance of using SDT or forced-choice procedures in any developmental study to attempt to overcome the effect of criterion in children.
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