ArticleThe American journal of pathology2017
Multifaceted C-X-C Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) Inhibition Interferes with Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy-Induced Glioma Dissemination.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Angiogenesis and Resistance Mechanisms in Glioblastoma: Targeting Alternative Vascularization Pathways to Overcome Therapy Resistance.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis to Overcome Drug Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cells · 2025Review
- In vivo generation of CAR macrophages via the enucleated mesenchymal stem cell delivery system for glioblastoma therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- CXCR4 Inhibition Induces Tumor Necrosis by Selectively Targeting the Proliferating Blood Vessels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Understanding the Significance of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Nuclear Medicine and Cancer Theragnostics: Basic Concepts.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blockade in cancer treatment.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Exploring Monocytes-Macrophages in Immune Microenvironment of Glioblastoma for the Design of Novel Therapeutic Strategies.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Monocyte-neutrophil entanglement in glioblastoma.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- Nanobody-based retargeting of an oncolytic herpesvirus for eliminating CXCR4Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Effect of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy on SDF-1 and CXCR4 in epithelial ovarian cancer and its prognosis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2022Article
- Chemokine-Directed Tumor Microenvironment Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Gliomas: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Possibilities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Chemokines orchestrate tumor cells and the microenvironment to achieve metastatic heterogeneity.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2021Review
- At the Bench: Pre-clinical evidence for multiple functions of CXCR4 in cancer.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Review
- Tumor Associated Macrophages, as the Dominant Immune Cells, Are an Indispensable Target for Immunologically Cold Tumor-Glioma Therapy?Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Research trends in pharmacological modulation of tumor-associated macrophages.Clinical and translational medicine · 2021Review
- Genomic Analysis of Glioblastoma Multiforme Reveals a Key Transcription Factor Signature Relevant to Prognosis and the Immune Processes.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrection.2017
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in glioblastoma (GBM) patients may involve hypoxia-induced expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) on invading tumor cells, macrophage/microglial cells (MGCs), and glioma stem cells (GSCs). We determined whether antagonizing CXCR4 with POL5551 disrupts anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy-induced glioma growth and dissemination. Mice bearing orthotopic CT-2A or GL261 gliomas received POL5551 and/or anti-VEGF antibody B20-4.1.1. Brain tissue was analyzed for tumor volume, invasiveness, hypoxia, vascular density, proliferation, apoptosis, GSCs, and MGCs. Glioma cells were evaluated for CXCR4 expression and polymorphism and POL5551's effects on CXCR4 ligand binding, cell viability, and migration. No CXCR4 mutations were identified. POL5551 inhibited CXCR4 binding to its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1α, and reduced hypoxia- and stromal cell-derived factor-1α-mediated migration dose-dependently but minimally affected cell viability. In vivo, B20-4.1.1 increased hypoxic foci and invasiveness, as seen in GBM patients receiving anti-VEGF therapy. Combination of POL5551 and B20-4.1.1 reduced both glioma invasiveness by 16% to 39% and vascular density compared to B20-4.1.1 alone in both glioma models. Reduced populations of GSCs and MGCs were also seen in CT-2A tumors. POL5551 concentrations, evaluated by mass spectrometry, were higher in tumors than in neighboring brain tissues, likely accounting for the results. Inhibition of CXCR4-regulated tumoral, stem cell, and immune mechanisms by adjunctive CXCR4 antagonists may help overcome antiangiogenic therapy resistance, benefiting GBM patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.