ReviewCurrent opinion in immunology2017
Old and new adjuvants.
Review in Current opinion in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Controlling timing and location in vaccines.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of an MF59-adjuvanted spike glycoprotein-clamp vaccine for SARS-CoV-2: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Targeting immune checkpoint therapy: The role of manganese in tumor immunotherapy.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Review
- Re-shaping the immune response to influenza vaccination in a host with immune memory from influenza infection.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- A stabilized MERS-CoV spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine elicits robust and protective neutralizing antibody responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- An Overview of the Factors Related toVaccines · 2026Review
- Development and characterization of antibodies againstOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Flagellin co-expression potentiates mRNA vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses but not anti-tumor immunity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Computational design of an mRNA vaccine targeting antifungal-resistant Lomentospora prolificans.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Skin damage signals mediate allergic sensitization to spatially unlinked antigen.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Heightened innate immune state induced by viral vector leads to enhanced response to challenge and prolongs malaria vaccine protection.iScience · 2024Article
- Vaccine optimization for highly pathogenic avian influenza: Assessment of antibody responses and protection for virus-like particle vaccines in chickens.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Review
- Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Investigation of a subunit protein vaccine for HFRS based on a consensus sequence between envelope glycoproteins of HTNV and SEOV.Virus research · 2023Article
- Self-Adjuvanting Calcium-Phosphate-Coated Microcrystal-Based Vaccines Induce Pyroptosis in Human and Livestock Immune Cells.Vaccines · 2023Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adjuvants have been deliberately added to vaccines since the 1920's when alum was discovered to boost antibody responses, leading to better protection. The first adjuvants were discovered by accident and were used in the safer but less immunogenic subunit vaccines, supposedly by providing an antigen depot to extend antigen presentation. Since that time, much has been discovered about how these adjuvants impact cells at the tissue site to activate innate immune responses, mobilize dendritic cells and drive adaptive immunity. New approaches to vaccine construction for infectious diseases that have so far not been well addressed by conventional vaccines often attempt to induce antibodies, polyfunctional CD4
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.