ArticleBMC infectious diseases2017
Spatial and temporal patterns of diarrhoea in Bhutan 2003-2013.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Climate Variability on Foodborne Diarrheal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Areal Units and Adjacency Used in Bayesian Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Conditional Autoregressive Models in Health Research.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Understanding the Impact of Rainfall on Diarrhea: Testing the Concentration-Dilution Hypothesis Using a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- Economic Losses from Premature Under-Five Mortality due to Diarrhoeal Diseases in South Asia: Trends, Aetiologies, and Key Risk Factors.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Exploring Climate Links and Clinical Association of the Diarrheal Disease Using Data From an Upsurge in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Temporal variations and spatial clusters of diarrheal diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jakarta province, Indonesia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Meteorological factors association with under-five children diarrhea incidence in central Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia. A time series study.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal variation of under-5 children diarrhea incidence and associated meteorological factors in central Gondar zone, Northwest Ethiopia. A retrospective time series study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Short-term associations of diarrhoeal diseases in children with temperature and precipitation in seven low- and middle-income countries from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Global Incidence of Diarrheal Diseases-An Update Using an Interpretable Predictive Model Based on XGBoost and SHAP: A Systematic Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Risk mapping and socio-ecological drivers of soil-transmitted helminth infections in the Philippines: a spatial modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Short-Term Effects of Climate Variability on Childhood Diarrhoea in Bangladesh: Multi-Site Time-Series Regression Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Identifying socio-ecological drivers of common cold in Bhutan: a national surveillance data analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Spatial patterns and climate drivers of malaria in three border areas of Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana, 2016-2018.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Aetiologies and Risk Factors of Prolonged Fever Admission in Samtse Hospital, Bhutan, 2020.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Effects of Climatic Factors on Diarrheal Diseases among Children below 5 Years of Age at National and Subnational Levels in Nepal: An Ecological Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Exploring the effect of the primary care health workers number on infectious diarrhea morbidity and where the health resources should go.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Spatiotemporal patterns of diarrhea incidence in Ghana and the impact of meteorological and socio-demographic factors.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Spatio-temporal patterns of childhood pneumonia in Bhutan: a Bayesian analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo describe spatiotemporal patterns of diarrhoea in Bhutan, and quantify the association between climatic factors and the distribution and dynamics of the disease.
methodsNationwide data on diarrhoea were obtained for 2003 to 2013 from the Health Information and Management System (HIMS), Ministry of Health, Bhutan. Climatic variables were obtained from the Department of Hydro Met Services, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Bhutan. Seasonal trend decomposition was used to examine secular trends and seasonal patterns of diarrhoea. A Bayesian conditional autoregressive (CAR) model was used to quantify the relationship between monthly diarrhoea, maximum temperature, rainfall, age and gender.
resultsThe monthly average diarrhoea incidence was highly seasonal. Diarrhoea incidence increased by 0.6% (95% CrI: 0.5-0.6%) for every degree increase in maximum temperature; and 5% (95 Cr I: 4.9-5.1%) for a 1 mm increase in rainfall. Children aged <5 years were found to be 74.2% (95% CrI: 74.1-74.4) more likely to experience diarrhoea than children and adults aged ≥5 years and females were 4.9% (95% CrI: 4.4-5.3%) less likely to suffer from diarrhoea as compared to males. Significant residual spatial clustering was found after accounting for climate and demographic variables.
conclusionsDiarrhoea incidence was highly seasonal, with positive associations with maximum temperature and rainfall and negative associations with age and being female. This calls for public health actions to reduce future risks of climate change with great consideration of local climatic conditions. In addition, protection of <5 years children should be prioritize through provision of rotavirus vaccination, safe and clean drinking water, and proper latrines.
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