ArticlePloS one2017
Individual- and area-level characteristics associated with alcohol-related mortality among adult Lithuanian males: A multilevel analysis based on census-linked data.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the association between alcohol-related deaths and area-level socioeconomic deprivation and other geographic characteristics in high-income countries.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Employment Status and Alcohol-Attributable Mortality Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Alcohol-attributable mortality and alcohol control policy in the Baltic Countries and Poland in 2001-2020: an interrupted time-series analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2023Article
- The burden of mental health-related mortality in the Baltic States in 2007-2018.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Psychiatric comorbidity as a risk factor for mortality in people with anorexia nervosa.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2019Article
- Participation of Primary Care Nurses in the Prevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in the Republic of Kazakhstan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough excessive alcohol-related mortality in the post-Soviet countries remains the major public health threat, determinants of this phenomenon are still poorly understood.
aimsWe assess simultaneously individual- and area-level factors associated with an elevated risk of alcohol-related mortality among Lithuanian males aged 30-64.
methodsOur analysis is based on a census-linked dataset containing information on individual- and area-level characteristics and death events which occurred between March 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2013. We limit the analysis to a few causes of death which are directly linked to excessive alcohol consumption: accidental poisonings by alcohol (X45) and liver cirrhosis (K70 and K74). Multilevel Poisson regression models with random intercepts are applied to estimate mortality rate ratios (MRR).
resultsThe selected individual-level characteristics are important predictors of alcohol-related mortality, whereas area-level variables show much less pronounced or insignificant effects. Compared to married men, never married (MRR = 1.9, CI:1.6-2.2), divorced (MRR = 2.6, CI:2.3-2.9), and widowed (MRR = 2.4, CI: 1.8-3.1) men are disadvantaged groups. Men who have the lowest level of educational attainment have the highest mortality risk (MRR = 1.7 CI:1.4-2.1). Being unemployed is associated with a five-fold risk of alcohol-related death (MRR = 5.1, CI: 4.4-5.9), even after adjusting for all other individual variables. Lithuanian males have an advantage over Russian (MRR = 1.3, CI:1.1-1.6) and Polish (MRR = 1.8, CI: 1.5-2.2) males. After adjusting for all individual characteristics, only two out of seven area-level variables-i.e., the share of ethnic minorities in the population and the election turnout-have statistically significant direct associations. These variables contribute to a higher risk of alcohol-related mortality at the individual level.
conclusionsThe huge and increasing socio-economic disparities in alcohol-related mortality indicate that recently implemented anti-alcohol measures in Lithuania should be reinforced by specific measures targeting the most disadvantaged population groups and geographical areas.
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