Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28729167›Full record

SynthesisThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2017

Protection against cholera from killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Qifang Bi, Eva Ferreras, Lorenzo Pezzoli, Dominique Legros, Louise C Ivers, Kashmira Date, Firdausi Qadri, Laura Digilio, David A Sack, Mohammad Ali and 4 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03373669 (Effect of Extended Dose Intervals on the Immune Response to Oral Cholera Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
15.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03373669 phase4completednot on this map

Effect of Extended Dose Intervals on the Immune Response to Oral Cholera Vaccine

TypeinterventionalSponsorJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthRan2017 to 2020Enrolled120ConditionsCholera, Vibrio Cholerae InfectionArmsOral Cholera Vaccine, Adjusted Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Oral killed cholera vaccines for preventing cholera.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
    Pooled it
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  11. Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026
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  17. Dynamics of IgM and IgA Antibody Response Profile AgainstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
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  19. Review
  20. Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.

Qifang BiDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Eva FerrerasEnvironmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
Lorenzo PezzoliWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Dominique LegrosWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Louise C IversDepartment of Medicine, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Kashmira DateUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Firdausi QadriInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Laura DigilioInternational Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea.
David A SackDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mohammad AliDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Justin LesslerDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Francisco J LuqueroDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Epicentre, Paris, France.
Andrew S AzmanDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: azman@jhu.edu.
Oral Cholera Vaccine Working Group of The Global Task Force on Cholera Control
Johns Hopkins University · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDWorld Health Organization · CHBrigham and Women's Hospital · USHarvard Global Health Institute · USInstituto de Salud Carlos III · ESInternational Vaccine Institute · KRMédecins Sans Frontières · CH

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKilled whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (kOCVs) are becoming a standard cholera control and prevention tool. However, vaccine efficacy and direct effectiveness estimates have varied, with differences in study design, location, follow-up duration, and vaccine composition posing challenges for public health decision making. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to generate average estimates of kOCV efficacy and direct effectiveness from the available literature.

methodsFor this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Review Library on July 9, 2016, and ISI Web of Science on July 11, 2016, for randomised controlled trials and observational studies that reported estimates of direct protection against medically attended confirmed cholera conferred by kOCVs. We included studies published on any date in English, Spanish, French, or Chinese. We extracted from the published reports the primary efficacy and effectiveness estimates from each study and also estimates according to number of vaccine doses, duration, and age group. The main study outcome was average efficacy and direct effectiveness of two kOCV doses, which we estimated with random-effect models. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016048232.

findingsSeven trials (with 695 patients with cholera) and six observational studies (217 patients with cholera) met the inclusion criteria, with an average two-dose efficacy of 58% (95% CI 42-69, I

interpretationTwo kOCV doses provide protection against cholera for at least 3 years. One kOCV dose provides at least short-term protection, which has important implications for outbreak management. kOCVs are effective tools for cholera control.

fundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Indexed as

Administration, OralCholeraCholera VaccinesHumansVaccines, InactivatedCholera VaccinesVaccines, Inactivated

Identifiers

PMID28729167
PMCPMC5639147
OpenAlexW2736003652

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.