ArticleBreastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine2017
Pumping Milk Without Ever Feeding at the Breast in the Moms2Moms Study.
Article in Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Integrative Review of Exclusive Breast Milk Expression.Journal of midwifery & women's healthPooled it
- 'Is there any point in me doing this?' Views and experiences of women in the Diabetes and Antenatal Milk Expressing (DAME) trial.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Trial
- Breast shield design impacts milk removal dynamics during pumping: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2020Trial
- Exclusively Pumping Women's Milk Production and Pumping and Feeding Dynamics-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding in term and preterm infants with and without growth restriction: A 50-year analysis of incidence and duration.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Article
- Maternal Experiences with Exclusive Pumping-An Online Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pumps, patriarchy, and profits: the rise of breast pumping and "human milk feeding" and why preserving "breastfeeding" is important.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Exploring thematic dimensions of breast pumping discussions in an online community using large language models and multiple correspondence analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A National Survey: Trends in U.S. Postpartum Pumping Practices After Term Deliveries.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring Risk Factors Associated With Early Mother's Own Milk Feeding Cessation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal and Infant Characteristics and Pumping Profiles of Women That Predominantly Pump Milk for Their Infants.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Impact of diet on the gut mycobiome of Hong Kong Chinese infants.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Association between Pump Use and Breastfeeding Duration.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Direct breastfeeding frequency of late preterm and term infants in the neonatal intensive care unit and availability of mother's own milk at six months of age. a retrospective cohort study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Pumps: A Possible Tool to Promote More Equitable Lactation Outcomes.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2024Review
- Monitoring the Use of Human Milk, the Ideal Food for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants-A Narrative Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Beliefs and Decision-Making of First-Time Mothers Planning to Use a Breast Pump.The Journal of perinatal education · 2023Article
- ABM Clinical Protocol #37: Physiological Infant Care-Managing Nighttime Breastfeeding in Young Infants.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2023Article
- Human milk-sharing practices and infant-feeding behaviours: A comparison of donors and recipients.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Exclusive breastmilk pumping: A concept analysis.Nursing forum · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMore than 85% of contemporary lactating women in the United States express their milk at least sometimes. Some produce milk exclusively through pumping. We characterized women who pumped but never fed at the breast and compared their infant feeding practices with those of women who fed at the breast with or without pumping. SUBJECTS AND
methodsStudy participants were those delivered at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center in 2011 and completed a questionnaire at 12 months postpartum (n = 478). We used bivariate and multivariate approaches (survival analysis) to compare women who pumped but never fed at the breast with women who fed at the breast with or without pumping.
resultsWomen (n = 33, 6.9%) who pumped but never fed at the breast comprised a diverse group but were more likely to have delivered preterm and were of lower socioeconomic status on average. They initiated pumping and formula feeding earlier (median = day 1 after delivery) and were more likely to report difficulty making enough milk compared with women who fed at the breast with or without pumping. They had much shorter total duration of milk production (adjusted hazard ratio = 3.3, 95% confidence interval: 2.1, 5.2) after controlling for clinical and sociodemographic confounders.
conclusionsPumping without feeding at the breast is associated with shorter milk feeding duration and earlier introduction of formula compared with feeding at the breast with or without pumping. Establishing feeding at the breast, rather than exclusive pumping, may be important for achieving human milk feeding goals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.