ArticlePloS one2017
Clinical implications of the novel cytokine IL-38 expressed in lung adenocarcinoma: Possible association with PD-L1 expression.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunobiological Properties and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-38 for Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Systematic Review Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Interleukin-38 serum levels in breast cancer: A comparative analysis of women under 40 and over 50.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- CPA4 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and tumor progression in endometrial cancer.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The distinct roles of IL-37 and IL-38 in non-small cell lung carcinoma and their clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The differential role of IL-33 and IL-38 in prostate cancer, contradictory roles.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Neutralizing IL-38 activates γδ T cell-dependent antitumor immunity and sensitizes for chemotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- The role of IL-37 in gastrointestinal diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- IL-38 promotes the development of prostate cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The emerging role of IL-38 in diseases: A comprehensive review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Head and Neck Cancer Immunotherapy: Molecular Biological Aspects of Preclinical and Clinical Research.Cancers · 2023Review
- Clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of IL-38 in immune and non-immune-related disordersEuropean cytokine network · 2022Review
- The Role of IL-37 and IL-38 in Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- The role of IL-38 in intestinal diseases - its potential as a therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- IL-36 cytokines in inflammatory and malignant diseases: not the new kid on the block anymore.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Reduced concentrations of the B cell cytokine interleukin 38 are associated with cardiovascular disease risk in overweight subjects.European journal of immunology · 2021Article
- Interleukin-38 ameliorates poly(I:C) induced lung inflammation: therapeutic implications in respiratory viral infections.Cell death & disease · 2021Article
- Interleukin-38 promotes tumor growth through regulation of CD8Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Article
- Interleukin-36 Cytokines in Infectious and Non-Infectious Lung Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- IL-34, IL-36 and IL-38 in colorectal cancer-key immunoregulators of carcinogenesis.Biophysical reviews · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-38, a novel member of the IL-1 cytokine family, is homologous to IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-36Ra, and has been reported to act as an antagonist. IL-38 expression is found in tonsil, placenta, and spleen, and recent studies suggest an association between IL-38 and autoimmune diseases. However, whether IL-38 plays a role in carcinogenesis or cancer growth is unclear. In the present study, we identified increases in IL-38 expression by immunohistochemistry in multiple types of cancer cells. In the examination of 417 surgically resected primary lung adenocarcinomas, Fisher's exact tests showed significant associations between high IL-38 expression and high tumor grades, an advanced T status, advanced N status, advanced stage, and the presence of pleural and vessel invasions. Survival analyses by the Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with high expression of IL-38 had significantly shorter disease-free survival and shorter overall survival after surgery than patients with low expression of IL-38 (log-rank test: P = 0.0021 and P = 0.0035, respectively). Moreover, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive cases showed higher expression of IL-38 than PD-L1-negative cases (Wilcoxon rank-sum test: P < 0.0001). In conclusion, IL-38 was expressed in tumor cells of various cancers, and IL-38 expression was associated with poor survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. IL-38 may affect host immunity or the tumor microenvironment, and contribute to the progression of lung adenocarcinoma.
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