ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2017
Towards evidence based strength training: a comparison of muscle forces during deadlifts, goodmornings and split squats.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Footwear Effects on Postural Stability Are Greater During Unilateral than Bilateral Squat-Based Strength Training Exercises.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Rear Leg-derived Moment Contributes to Resistance Against Hip Extension in Bulgarian Split Squats.International journal of exercise science · 2025Article
- Female Lower Body Muscle Forces: A Musculoskeletal Modeling Comparison of Back Squats, Split Squats and Good Mornings.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Torsional deformities and overuse injuries: what does the literature tell us.EFORT open reviews · 2022Review
- Comparison of Joint and Muscle Biomechanics in Maximal Flywheel Squat and Leg Press.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- The Capacity of Generic Musculoskeletal Simulations to Predict Knee Joint Loading Using the CAMS-Knee Datasets.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2020Article
- Analyzing the Training Load Demands, and Influence of Sex and Body Mass, on the Tactical Task of a Casualty Drag via Surface Electromyography Wearable Technology.International journal of exercise science · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo ensure an efficient and targeted adaptation with low injury risk during strength exercises, knowledge of the participant specific internal loading conditions is essential. The goal of this study was to calculate the lower limb muscles forces during the strength exercises deadlifts, goodmornings and splits squats by means of musculoskeletal simulation.
methods11 participants were assessed performing 10 different variations of split squats by varying the step length as well as the maximal frontal tibia angle, and 13 participants were measured performing deadlift and goodmorning exercises. Using individualised musculoskeletal models, forces of the Quadriceps
resultsDeadlifts resulted highest loading for the Quadriceps, especially for the vasti (18-34 N/kg), but not for the rectus femoris (8-10 N/kg), which exhibited its greatest loading during split squats (13-27 N/kg) in the rear limb. Hamstrings were loaded isometrically during goodmornings but dynamically during deadlifts. For the
conclusionsActing muscle forces vary between exercises, execution form and joint angle. For all examined muscles, deadlifts produced considerable loading over large ranges of motion, while split squats seem to be highly dependent upon exercise variation. This study provides key information to design strength-training programs with respect to loading conditions and ranges of motion of lower extremity muscles.
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