ArticleLeukemia2018
Cord blood NK cells engineered to express IL-15 and a CD19-targeted CAR show long-term persistence and potent antitumor activity.
Article in Leukemia, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 559 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
559 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 785 citations in OpenAlex.
- Allogeneic CAR-engineered cellular therapy for relapsed and refractory large B cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Safety, efficacy and determinants of response of allogeneic CD19-specific CAR-NK cells in CD19Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- In vivo engineering of CAR natural killer cells for immunotherapy using ligand-directed lipid nanoparticles.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in CAR T and CAR NK cell therapy for AML.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- Cord Blood-Derived Fibroblast Activation Protein-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor Natural Killer Cells Persist in Vivo.Cancer science · 2026Article
- IL-15 boosts mesothelin- and CD70-CAR NK cell potency in PDAC without added benefit from dual targeting.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Depletion of an immature cord blood NK subset reverses trogocytosis-driven CAR NK dysfunction.Cancer cell · 2026Article
- Natural killer cells against viral infection: from basic biology to immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Enhanced CD33 CAR-NK cells secreting anti-CD73scFv overcome adenosine-mediated immunosuppression and improve anti-AML efficacy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal immune heterogeneity and precision immunotherapy for ovarian cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Adoptive cell therapy in lung cancer: progress, challenges, and prospects.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- Nanomaterials Drive In Vivo CAR Immune Cells Engineering.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Advancing CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors: Current landscape and future directions.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- CAR-NK cell therapy for hematological malignancies.Blood advances · 2026Review
- Circumventing Ewing sarcoma tumor microenvironment resistance by IL1RAP CAR-modified TGFβ1-imprinted natural killer cells in combination with IL-15 agonist and anti-GD2 antibody.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Non-viral targeted integration at the CISH locus enables CAR-NK cell engineering with enhanced anti-tumor activity.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Next-generation CAR-NK cell therapy: engineering strategies, translational challenges, and future perspectives in cancer immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Efficient NK cell transduction with VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Exploring CAR cell therapies beyond CAR-T for myeloid malignancies.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
499 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been used to redirect the specificity of autologous T cells against leukemia and lymphoma with promising clinical results. Extending this approach to allogeneic T cells is problematic as they carry a significant risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Natural killer (NK) cells are highly cytotoxic effectors, killing their targets in a non-antigen-specific manner without causing GVHD. Cord blood (CB) offers an attractive, allogeneic, off-the-self source of NK cells for immunotherapy. We transduced CB-derived NK cells with a retroviral vector incorporating the genes for CAR-CD19, IL-15 and inducible caspase-9-based suicide gene (iC9), and demonstrated efficient killing of CD19-expressing cell lines and primary leukemia cells in vitro, with marked prolongation of survival in a xenograft Raji lymphoma murine model. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) production by the transduced CB-NK cells critically improved their function. Moreover, iC9/CAR.19/IL-15 CB-NK cells were readily eliminated upon pharmacologic activation of the iC9 suicide gene. In conclusion, we have developed a novel approach to immunotherapy using engineered CB-derived NK cells, which are easy to produce, exhibit striking efficacy and incorporate safety measures to limit toxicity. This approach should greatly improve the logistics of delivering this therapy to large numbers of patients, a major limitation to current CAR-T-cell therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.