SynthesisMedicine2017
Timing of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in 54,552 patients and the risk of surgical site infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Staples versus sutures for skin closure in hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2021Pooled it
- Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Closed Abdominal Incisions: A Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.World journal of surgery · 2019Pooled it
- Is the Risk of Infection Lower with Sutures than with Staples for Skin Closure After Orthopaedic Surgery? A Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2019Pooled it
- Outcomes of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) in Gynaecologic Oncology: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Trial
- Impact of the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis on the surgical site infections in patients undergoing elective general surgery.Indian journal of pharmacology · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Modifiable Perioperative Practices for the Prevention of Postoperative Complications After Cardiac Surgery: A Narrative Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Article
- Effectiveness of prophylactic single-dose IV antibiotic versus postoperative multi-dose oral antibiotic regimen for preventing surgical site infections: A prospective comparative study.Turkish journal of surgery · 2026Article
- [Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis-current clinical practise in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in Germany and establishment of an standard operating procedure (SOP) for primary, revision, and tumor TJA].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and non-linear risk factors of surgical site infections in patients with cancer: a propensity score-matched case-control study.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices for Surgical Prophylaxis in Caesarean Sections at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.Health science reports · 2026Article
- β-Lactam vs Non-β-Lactam Prophylaxis in Elective Colorectal Surgery.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- Impact of beta-lactam allergy labels on antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical site infections after cesarean section; a retrospective study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Profile of Early Surgical Site Infections Following Elective Neurosurgery and Laparotomy: An Observational Study.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2026Article
- From overlooked to just right: putting the focus on metronidazole infusion timing for colorectal surgical prophylaxis.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Twenty common errors in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of fracture-related infection (FRI).Journal of bone and joint infection · 2026Review
- Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Utilization and Predictors of Surgical Site Infections at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Prospective Cohort Study.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Adherence to Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Guidelines and Improvement Efforts: A Single-Center, Pre- and Post-Intervention Comparison Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Antibiotic usage in surgical prophylaxis: surveillance of clean and clean-contaminated surgeries in a tertiary care hospital.Frontiers in public health · 2026Observational
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of timing of preoperative surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) on surgical site infection (SSI) and compare the different timing intervals.The benefit of routine use of SAP prior to surgery has long been recognized. However, the optimal timing has not been defined. For the purpose of developing recommendations for the World Health Organization guideline for SSI prevention, a systematic review and meta-analysis of all relevant evidence was conducted.Major medical databases were searched from 1990 to 2016. The primary outcome was SSI after preoperative-SAP comparing different timing intervals. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted and pooled for each comparison with a random effects model.Fourteen papers with 54,552 patients were included in this review. In a quantitative analysis, there was no significant difference when SAP was administered 120-60 minutes prior to incision compared to administration 60-0 minutes prior to incision. Studies investigating different timing intervals within the last 60 minutes time frame reported contradictive results. The risk of SSI almost doubled when SAP was administered after first incision (OR:1.89; 95%CI:[1.05-3.40]) and was 5 times higher when administered more than 120 minutes prior to incision (OR5.26; 95%CI:[3.29-8.39]).Administration of antibiotic prophylaxis more than 120 minutes before incision or after incision is associated a higher risk of surgical site infections than administration less than 120 minutes before incision. Within this 120-minute time frame prior to incision, no differential effects could be identified. The broadly accepted recommendation to administer prophylaxis within a 60-minute time frame prior to incision could not be substantiated.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.