ReviewExperimental gerontology2018
The risks of biomarker-based epidemiology: Associations of circulating calcium levels with age, mortality, and frailty vary substantially across populations.
Review in Experimental gerontology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- The relationship between obesity and serum calcium level in a sample of Syrian people a cross sectional study.Obesity pillars · 2025Article
- A simple blood biomarker based on gene expression describes cardiovascular health-related biological age.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Review
- Moving towards the detection of frailty with biomarkers: A population health study.Aging cell · 2024Article
- Review
- Dietary profiling of physical frailty in older age phenotypes using a machine learning approach: the Salus in Apulia Study.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Identifying the Biomarker Profile of Pre-Frail and Frail People: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from UK Biobank.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Plasma Growth and Differentiation Factor 15 Predict Longitudinal Changes in Bone Parameters in Women, but Not in Men.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Multidimensional associations between nutrient intake and healthy ageing in humans.BMC biology · 2022Article
- Associations of Serum Albumin With Disability in Activities of Daily Living, Mobility and Objective Physical Functioning Regardless of Vitamin D: Cross-Sectional Findings From the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Identification of biomarkers for physical frailty and sarcopenia through a new multi-marker approach: results from the BIOSPHERE study.GeroScience · 2021Article
- Prediction of Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients Using Moving Multivariate Distance.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Robust Physiological Metrics From Sparsely Sampled Networks.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
- Association of Blood Chemistry Quantifications of Biological Aging With Disability and Mortality in Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020Article
- Healthspan pathway maps inAging · 2020Review
- Glutathione Serum Levels and Rate of Multimorbidity Development in Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020Article
- Circulating Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles, Inflammatory Biomarkers and Amino Acids in Older Adults With Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Preliminary BIOSPHERE Multi-Marker Study Using Sequential and Orthogonalized Covariance Selection - Linear Discriminant Analysis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- An Emergent Integrated Aging Process Conserved Across Primates.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2019Review
- An Information Theory Approach for the Analysis of Individual and Combined Evaluation Parameters of Multiple Age-Related Diseases.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- A framework for selection of blood-based biomarkers for geroscience-guided clinical trials: report from the TAME Biomarkers Workgroup.GeroScience · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies have shown contradictory associations between calcium levels and health outcomes. We suspected these conflicting results were the consequence of more general issues with how biomarkers are analyzed in epidemiological studies, particularly in the context of aging. To demonstrate the risks of typical analyses, we used three longitudinal aging cohort studies and their demographic subsets to analyze how calcium levels change with age and predict risk of mortality and frailty. We show that calcium levels either increase or decrease with age depending on the population, and positively or negatively predict frailty depending on the population and analysis; both age and frailty results showed substantial heterogeneity. Mortality analyses revealed few significant associations but were likely underpowered. Variation in population composition (demographics, diseases, diet, etc.) leads to contradictory findings in the literature for calcium and likely for other biomarkers. Epidemiological studies of biomarkers are particularly sensitive to population composition both because biomarkers generally have non-linear and often non-monotonic relationships with other key variables, notably age and health outcomes, and because there is strong interdependence among biomarkers, which are integrated into complex regulatory networks. Consequently, most biomarkers have multiple physiological roles and are implicated in multiple pathologies. We argue that epidemiological studies of aging using biomarkers must account for these factors, and suggest methods to do this.
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Registered trials
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