ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2017
Handwashing in 51 Countries: Analysis of Proxy Measures of Handwashing Behavior in Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and Demographic and Health Surveys, 2010-2013.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Orally Ingested Probiotic, Prebiotic, and Synbiotic Interventions as Countermeasures for Gastrointestinal Tract Infections in Nonelderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Psychosocial Determinants of Hand Hygiene, Facemask Wearing, and Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Limited handwashing facility and associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa: pooled prevalence and multilevel analysis of 29 sub-Saharan Africa countries from demographic health survey data.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Handwashing with soap after potential faecal contact: global, regional and country estimates.International journal of epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
- Achieving equitable uptake of handwashing and sanitation by addressing both supply and demand-based constraints: findings from a randomized controlled trial in rural Bangladesh.International journal for equity in health · 2021Trial
- From parental education to under-5 mortality: how antenatal care and hand hygiene mediate the pathway mechanisms.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Everyone Intervention Study: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- An analysis of cause-specific under-5 mortality in Bangladesh using the demographic and health survey 2011 and 2017-2018.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- An explanation of the stagnant under-5 mortality rate in Bangladesh using multilevel, multivariable analysis of three Demographic and Health Surveys.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Handwashing Practices among Public Primary School Students in East Dembiya District, Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene practices for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Kenya.International health · 2022Article
- Association of Social-Cognitive Factors with Individual Preventive Behaviors of COVID-19 among a Mixed-Sample of Older Adults from China and Germany.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Association Between Socio-Economic Status and the Presence of Soap at Handwashing Facilities in Lao People's Democratic Republic: A Cross-Sectional Study.Asia-Pacific journal of public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Correlates of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) and Spatial Distribution of Unimproved WASH in Nepal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Predictors of Hand-Washing Practices at Critical Times Among Mothers of Under-5 Years Old Children in Rural Setting of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.Environmental health insights · 2022Article
- Assessing the overlap between immunisation and other essential health interventions in 92 low- and middle-income countries using household surveys: opportunities for expanding immunisation and primary health care.EClinicalMedicine · 2021Article
- Costs of hand hygiene for all in household settings: estimating the price tag for the 46 least developed countries.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Article
- Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices Impact Pathogen Exposure in Remote, Rural, Unpiped Communities.Environmental engineering science · 2021Article
- Pattern, predictors and clustering of handwashing practices in India.Journal of infection prevention · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 2009, a common set of questions addressing handwashing behavior was introduced into nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), providing large amounts of comparable data from numerous countries worldwide. The objective of this analysis is to describe global handwashing patterns using two proxy indicators for handwashing behavior from 51 DHS and MICS surveys conducted in 2010-2013: availability of soap anywhere in the dwelling and access to a handwashing place with soap and water. Data were also examined across geographic regions, wealth quintiles, and rural versus urban settings. We found large disparities for both indicators across regions, and even among countries within the same World Health Organization region. Within countries, households in lower wealth quintiles and in rural areas were less likely to have soap anywhere in the dwelling and at designated handwashing locations than households in higher wealth quintiles and urban areas. In addition, disparities existed among various geographic regions within countries. This analysis demonstrates the need to promote access to handwashing materials and placement at handwashing locations in the dwelling, particularly in poorer, rural areas where children are more vulnerable to handwashing-preventable syndromes such as pneumonia and diarrhea.
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Registered trials
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