Observational studyThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2017
Severity of Pneumonia in Under 5-Year-Old Children from Developing Countries: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.
Observational study in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypoxaemia and mortality in children with lower respiratory infection in low-income and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2026Pooled it
- What are the risk factors for death among children with pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Aetiology of childhood pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries in the era of vaccination: a systematic review.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- The Effect of Anemia on Mortality in Children Hospitalized with Severe Pneumonia in Uganda.The Journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Risk Factors and Predictors of Pneumonia Among Under-Five Children in Sana'a City, Yemen: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Time to recovery and predictors among under five children with severe pneumonia admitted to public hospitals in West Gojjam zone Northwest Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Trends of Time to Recovery Pneumonia Hospitalized Patients in Northwestern Ethiopia During 2018-2020: Retrospective Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Lower Respiratory Infections Caused byHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Adenoviral Infections in Immunocompetent Children.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Clustering and visualisation of the GABRIEL network expertise in the field of infectious diseases.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Treatment of lung diseasesMaterials today. Bio · 2025Review
- ePOCT+ Rwanda: A Clinical Decision Support Algorithm For Managing Sick Children Below 15 Years of Age in Primary Healthcare Settings.Rwanda journal of medicine and health sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in Early Childhood (0-2 Years) on Lung Growth and Development and Lifelong Trajectories of Pulmonary Health: A National Institutes of Health (NIH) Workshop Summary.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Review
- Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tools: Strategies to Improve the Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Low-Resource Settings.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus-associated pneumonia in primary care in Malawi.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Heparin-Binding Protein Stratifies Mortality Risk Among Ugandan Children Hospitalized With Respiratory Distress.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Predictors of severity and prolonged hospital stay of viral acute respiratory infections (ARI) among children under five years in Burkina Faso, 2016-2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Severe lower respiratory tract infections are associated with human adenovirus in hospitalised children in a high HIV prevalence area.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children. The objectives were to evaluate the microbiological agents linked with hypoxemia in hospitalized children with pneumonia from developing countries, to identify predictors of hypoxemia, and to characterize factors associated with in-hospital mortality. A multicenter, observational study was conducted in five hospitals, from India (Lucknow, Vadu), Madagascar (Antananarivo), Mali (Bamako), and Paraguay (San Lorenzo). Children aged 2-60 months with radiologically confirmed pneumonia were enrolled prospectively. Respiratory and whole blood specimens were collected, identifying viruses and bacteria by real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microbiological agents linked with hypoxemia at admission (oxygen saturation < 90%) were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, and factors associated with 14-day in-hospital mortality were assessed by bivariate Cox regression. Overall, 405 pneumonia cases (3,338 hospitalization days) were analyzed; 13 patients died within 14 days of hospitalization. Hypoxemia prevalence was 17.3%. Detection of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in respiratory samples was independently associated with increased risk of hypoxemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.0-5.8 and aOR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-5.3, respectively). Lower chest indrawing and cyanosis were predictive of hypoxemia (positive likelihood ratios = 2.3 and 2.4, respectively). Predictors of death were
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